AbstrakNano-fitosom merupakan suatu teknologi nano yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan bioavailabilitas bahan aktif yang terkandung dalam tanaman dengan cara mengikat bahan aktif dengan fosfolipid yang memiliki sifat mirip dengan membran sel. Nano-fitosom dibuat dengan mencampurkan fitokonstituen dan fosfatidilkolin dalam perbandingan molar tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan formula nano-fitosom serbuk liofilisasi seduhan teh hitam (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze). Nano-fitosom diformulasikan dengan membuat tiga variasi perbandingan katekin:fosfatidilkolin:kolesterol mulai dari 1:1:0,2 (F1), 1:2:0,2 (F2), dan 1:3:0,2 (F3) dengan menggunakan metode refluks. Evaluasi nano-fitosom meliputi ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas, dan efisiensi penjerapan. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa ukuran partikel nano-fitosom sekitar 52,1-101,9 nm dengan nilai indeks polidispersitas 0,309-0,404. Efisiensi penjerapan berkisar antara 6,7266%-11,4317%. Formula nano-fitosom dengan efisiensi penjerapan yang paling baik yaitu F 3 dengan perbandingan molar katekin:fosfatidilkolin:kolesterol 1:3:0,2 dengan ukuran partikel sebesar 52,1±12,5 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,320 dan efisiensi penjerapan 11,4317±0,3153%. Analisis data menggunakan One-Way Anova menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh konsentrasi fosfatidilkolin terhadap efisiensi penjerapan secara signifikan (p < 0,05).Kata kunci: nano-fitosom, fosfatidilkolin, teh hitam, Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze Development of Nano-phytosome Formula of Brewed Black Tea (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) Lyophilization PowderAbstract Nano-phytosome is a nanotechnology for increasing the bioavailability of active ingredient in the plant by binding the active ingredient with a phospholipid which has properties similiar to cell membrane. Nano-phytosome was made by mixing the phytoconstituent and phosphatidylcholine in particular molar ratio. The aim of this study was to develop nanophytosome formula of brewed black tea (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) lyophilization powder. Nano-phytosome was formulated in three variations of molar ratio of phytoconstituent:phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol (1:1:0.2 (F 1 ), 1:2:0.2 (F 2 ) and 1:3:0.2 (F 3 )) using reflux method. Evaluation of the nano-phytosome include particle size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency. The study results showed that the particle size of nanophytosome was 52.1-101.9 nm with polydispersity index 0.309-0.404. Entrapment efficiency was approximately between 6.7266%-11.4317%. The best entrapment efficiency of the nanophytosome formula was F3 which molar ratio of catechin: phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol 1:3:0.2 with 52.1±12.5 nm in diameter, 0.302 in polydispersity index and 11,4317±0,3153% in entrapment efficiency. Analysis data using One-Way Anova showed that the concentration of phosphatidylcholine influenced the entrapment efficiency significantly (p < 0.05).
Biosurfactant is a secondary metabolite produced by microorganisms that can be used as an alternative to environmentally friendly surfactants. Exiguobacterium profundum is one of the biosurfactants producers that potentially to be used in the pharmaceutical field. The use of waste frying oil as a carbon source can be used as a solution in overcoming the high cost of producing biosurfactants. The purpose of this study was to obtain optimum conditions in the production of biosurfactants by utilizing waste frying oil as a carbon source. In this study, variations in the optimized production conditions included the concentration of waste frying oil, labeled 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, and the medium pH at 6, 7, and 8. The study was using Mineral Salt Medium as production medium, the amount of inoculum concentration was 10% v/v, agitation speed 160 rpm, and incubation at room temperature. The optimum conditions for biosurfactant production were determined based on the best emulsification index. The biosurfactant extraction was carried out using a combination of chloroform and methanol (2:1) solvents. The best concentrations of waste frying oil for Exiguobacterium profundum was 5%, and the best medium pH was 7. Biosurfactants produced from Exiguobacterium profundum amounted to 8,2 g/L with an emulsification index 63,2%.
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