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Antioxidants are found in many plants and can neutralize free radicals. Sesbania sesban (L.)Merr is a plant that has been used empirically by Indonesian people and its proven have many pharmacologycal activity. The objectives of this research were to study antioxidant activity Sesbania sesban leaves extract using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and correlation with its total phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid content. Extraction was performed by reflux using different polarity solvent. The extracts were vaporated using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH assay. Determination of total phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid content were performed by UV-visible spectrophotometry and its correlation with inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) DPPH scavenging activity were analyzed by Pearson’s method. Nhexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Sesbania sesban leaves had IC50 DPPH  50 g/ml and it can be classified as very strong antioxidant. Ethanol extract of Sesbania sesban had the highest of total phenolic content (5.18 g GAE/100 g) and highest total flavonoid content (4.56 g QE/100 g), while the highest total carotenoid content (4.56 g BE/100 g) was given by n-hexane extract. Total phenolic content in Sesbania sesban leaves extracts had significant and negative correlation with their IC50 DPPH scavenging activities. Phenolic compounds in Sesbania sesban leaves extracts were contributor major in its antioxidant activities by DPPH method.

Introduction:The Morus nigra (Moraceae) known as black mulberry is a well-grown plant in Lembang, Indonesia. Previous studies showed that black mulberry fruit has activity as antibacterial and antioxidant. The aims of this study were to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ethanol extract from stem bark, fruit, and leaves of Morus nigra, MIC and morphological changes of the most active extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Methods: Agar diffusion and microdilution assays were used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the extract by measuring the zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract against the test bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to evaluate the morphological changes induced by the extract in cellular membrane of the bacteria. Protein and ion leakage from the bacterial cells induced by the extract were also evaluated. Results: The antibacterial activity showed the most active extract was an ethanol extract of the stem bark against S. epidermidis and P. acnes with MIC value 4 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml, respectively. The extract also induced protein and ion leakage in test bacterial cells. SEM findings revealed that the extract induced potential cellular membrane damage in 4xMIC. Conclusion: The antibacterial activity was related to the damaged of bacterial cell wall.

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<p>Umbi bawang dayak (<em>Eleutherine palmifolia (L.)</em> Merr.) memiliki kandungan fenol dan flavonoid yang berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan. Kandungan kimia dalam suatu tumbuhan dapat dipengaruhi dengan adanya proses pengolahan bahan baku. Salahsatu proses pengolahan baku tumbuhan yaitu dengan adanya fermentasi menggunakan pemanasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh fermentasi pada kandungan kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak umbi bawang dayak. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan fermentasi umbi bawang dayak dengan pemanasan selama 10, 20 dan 30 hari. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Penetapan kadar fenol total, flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, ekstrak umbi bawang dayak hasil fermentasi selama 30 hari memiliki kadar fenol total, kadar flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi, ditunjukkan secara berurutan (3,721 g GAE/100 g ekstrak ± 0,210; 0,378 g QE/100 g ekstrak ± 0,189, IC₅₀ peredaman DPPH 28,689 µg/mL± 0,144). Adanya proses fermentasi dan lama proses fermentasi dapat mempengaruhi kandungan kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak umbi bawang dayak.</p>

Basis nano merupakan aplikasi hasil nanoteknologi dalam farmasi. Penelitian formulasi dan evaluasi fisik sediaan krim pelembab dimethylsilanol hyaluronate dengan penambahan basis nano dan fase minyak kelapa murni dilakukan untuk melihat kestabilan fisik sediaan krim tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan evaluasi fisik (pengamatan organoleptis, pH, dan viskositas), pengujian stabilitas fisik menggunakan metode sentrifugasi, pengamatan distribusi sediaan krim, dan pengujian iritasi pada kulit. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa secara fisik sediaan krim dengan fase minyak kelapa murni stabil dan memenuhi standar, bahkan sediaan krim dengan perbandingan antara basis nano 10% dan fase minyak kelapa murni 10% memberikan stabilitas dan penampilan fisik terbaik. Hasil distribusi pada sediaan krim, menunjukkan tidak adanya penumpukan globul dan globul-globul dalam sediaan krim tersebut terlihat merata Hasil pengujian iritasi sediaan krim pelembab dimethylsilanol hyaluronate 6% dengan perbandingan antara basis nano 10% dan fase minyak kelapa murni 10% tidak mengiritasi kulit.

BACKGROUND: Pouteria campechiana leaves are reported to have phenol and flavonoid compounds. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds can act as tyrosinase inhibitor and antioxidant. AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare phytochemical content, tyrosinase inhibition, antioxidant activities, and determine of marker compound from P. campechiana leaves extract with different polarities solvent. METHODS: In addition, the content of marker compound from P. campechaina leaves extract was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The highest total phenolic content (TPC) 7.83 GAE/100 g extract, IC50 of tyrosinase 171.512 ± 1.352 and IC50 of DPPH 0.968 ± 0.008 was given by ethanolic extract (DE). Meanwhile ethyl acetate extract (DEA) had the highest of total flavonoid content 2.544 ± 0.554 QEA/100 g extract. The TPC correlated with tyrosinase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION: Quercitrin was as marker compound from P. campechiana leaves extract, and quercitrin content in the DEA of P. campechiana leaves was 3.539%, while in the DE was 0.153%.

Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Indonesia Jl. Soekarno Hatta no. 354, Bandung, Indonesia Email: Saninurlaela@stfi.ac.id (Sani Nurlaela Fitriansyah) ABSTRAK Limpasu merupakan tanaman yang berlimpah dari Kalimantan Selatan. Data empiris menunjukkan buah limpasu berpotensi untuk mengobati demam (karena infeksi), kesehatan kulit, dan antioksidan. Data ilmiah pendukung potensi limpasu sebagai antiinfeksi yang disebabkan bakteri masih minim. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan data ilmiah kandungan kimia secara kualitatif dan potensi ekstrak limpasu sebagai antibakteri. Bagian buah, daun, dan kulit batang limpasu diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dengan soxhlet. Ekstrak cair diuapkan menggunakan rotary evaporator sehingga didapatkan ekstrak buah (EB), ekstrak daun (ED), dan ekstrak kulit batang limpasu (EKB). Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi padat menggunakan kertas cakram. Bakteri yang diuji terdiri dari Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium acnes, dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, ekstrak etanol buah limpasu merupakan ekstrak yang paling aktif terhadap bakteri B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E.coli, dan P. acnes dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum adalah 2,5% b/v dengan diameter secara berturut-turut 6,87; 7,60; 7,94; 8,80; dan 10,29 mm. Ekstrak etanol buah, daun, dan kulit batang limpasu secara umum positif mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin. Kata kunci: ekstrak limpasu (Baccaurea lanceolata), aktivitas antibakteri, penapisan fitokimia. ABSTRACT Limpasu is a plenteous plant from South Kalimantan. Empirical data indicated that limpasu fruit was potential to be used for the treatment of fever (due to infection), as well as maintaining skin health and possessing antioxidant properties. There are limited scientific data on the anti-infection activity of this plant. The purpose of this study was to PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia p-ISSN 1693-3591 (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia) e-ISSN 2579-910X Vol.15 No. 02 Desember 2018112 determine the antibacterial activity and qualitatively evaluate the chemical contents of the ethanol extract of limpasu. Extracts of fruits, leaves, and barks of limpasu were obtained by extraction of those plant materials with soxhlet using ethanol 96%. The liquid extract was evaporated by rotary evaporator, until the viscous masses of fruits extract (EB), leaves extract (ED), and barks extract (EKB) were obtained. Antibacterial activity of EB, ED, and EKB were evaluated by calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Ethanol extract of fruit limpasu was the most active against B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and P. acnes with diameter of inhibitory zones at concentrations of 2.5 % w/v were 0.87, 7.6, 7.94, 8.80, and 10.29 mm, respectively. The ethanol extract of fruits, leaves...