High performance 14 nm gate length CMOSFETs are demonstrated in this paper. To acquire shallow sourcddrain ( S D ) extension profile, the optimization of low thermal budget process utilizing poly-SiGe and Ni salicide is performed. A poly-SiGe gate electrode minimizes gate depletion effect, therefore high level of dopant activation in the gate electrode is realized even by low temperature spike annealing. Moreover, short channel characteristics are optimized by using offset spacer beside the gate electrode. The highest drive current is achieved in 14 nm gate length CMOSFETs reported to date.
Two-step recessed SiGe-S/D pMOSFET [1] has been optimized with a combination of compressive stress liner. Optimization on source and drain overlap, defect control and elevated SiGe-S/D structure are discussed experimentally. As a result of the careful optimization, record high drive current of 714 �A/�m at Vdd=1.0V, Ioff =100 nA/�m at 24 nm gate length, is demonstrated.
We study the level spacing distribution p(s) in the spectrum of random networks. According to our numerical results, the shape of p(s) in the Erdős-Rényi (E-R) random graph is determined by the average degree k and p(s) undergoes a dramatic change when k is varied around the critical point of the percolation transition, k = 1. When k 1, the p(s) is described by the statistics of the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE), one of the major statistical ensembles in Random Matrix Theory, whereas at k = 1 it follows the Poisson level spacing distribution. Closely above the critical point, p(s) can be described in terms of an intermediate distribution between Poisson and the GOE, the Brodydistribution. Furthermore, below the critical point p(s) can be given with the help of the regularized Gamma-function. Motivated by these results, we analyse the behaviour of p(s) in real networks such as the internet, a word association network and a protein-protein interaction network as well. When the giant component of these networks is destroyed in a node deletion process simulating the networks subjected to intentional attack, their level spacing distribution undergoes a similar transition to that of the E-R graph.
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