Beans should be studied as an ecological object that can be used to replenish the reserves of nitrogen compounds in the soil and increase its biological activity. The goal was to conduct scientifically based zoning of varieties and assess their adaptive and productive potential in terms of productivity and nitrogen fixation. The study was conducted in the training and production department of the Uman National University of Horticulture during 2020-2022, using six varieties common in production. Standard methods of genetic and statistical analysis were used to investigate the parameters of adaptive variability. The study of phenological changes showed that, depending on the variety, it takes from 54 to 67 days before the onset of technical ripeness, and the variation of this trait is 8%. The shortest period before harvesting green beans was characterised by the varieties Zorenka and Casablanca. The variation of the growing season before the onset of biological ripeness was in the range of 90-108 days (CV=6%). According to the indicator of attachment of the lower bean, suitable varieties for mechanised harvesting were identified – Zorenka and Casablanca. Analysing the parameters of adaptability of the “bean weight” and “yield” indicators, a stable variety was found – Fruidor and highly productive varieties of intensive type Paloma, Laura, Zorenka, and Casablanca. The most productive variety was Zorenkya – 12.7 t/ha, and the least productive – Fruidor – 1.9 t/ha. In terms of seed yield, the varieties Purpurova Koroleva, Zorenka, and Casablanca stood out, the yield of which was at the level of 2.22-2.89 t/ha, which is 30.8- 70.6% more than the standard. Analysing the dependence of the growth and development parameters of green bean plants, it can be seen that these traits depend more on the conditions (CVA, %) in which they were formed than on the genotypic component (CVG, %). The results obtained provide useful information on commercial and seed production, productivity and the nitrogen-fixing ability for introduction into industrial production or further breeding practice and prove that green bean varieties are suitable for both vegetable production and high-quality seeds, as well as for biologisation of production through the use of biologically fixed nitrogen
Purpose. To determine the peculiarities of the formation of the nitrogen component and the fatty acid composition in amaranth seeds of different varieties. Methods. Laboratory (determination of the content of protein, amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates), calculation (integral score), mathematical and statistical. Results. The conducted studies show that amaranth seeds had a high protein content amounting to 16.1–24.7%. At the same time, it varied significantly over the studied varieties. Thus, significantly higher protein content was in amaranth variety ‘Kharkivskyi 1’ (24.7%) compared to other varieties. The lowest protein content was in ‘Helios’ variety (16.1%). It was found that phenylalanine dominates among essential amino acids in amaranth seeds, with the content ranging in the studied varieties between 981 and 1155 mg/100. The content of tryptophan was the lowest, 155–206 mg/100 g. The highest content of amino acids was determined in variety ‘Kharkivskyi 1’. The seeds of this variety exceeded the seeds of the ‘Helios’ variety by 30–33% in terms of the content of threonine, tryptophan, and isoleucine, by 17–20% of phenylalanine, methionine, and lysine, and by 11% of valine and leucine. In addition, the integral score for the seeds of this variety was also the highest. The highest integral score in the studied varieties was determined for methionine – 33.0–38.9%, for isoleucine – 23.1–30.7, tryptophan, lysine, phenylalanine – 19.4–26.3, leucine and lysine – 16.6–26.3%. The major fatty acid in amaranth seeds is linoleic, the content of which in the seeds of the studied varieties varied significantly, from 2.03 to 2.95 g/100 g. The share of linolenic acid in the seeds ranged from 43.2 to 55.5%. The content of oleic acid varied from 1.60 to 1.33%, with the share of this acid being equal to 23.5–34.0%. The content of linolenic acid was the lowest, 0.01–0.03 g/100 g, with a share of 0.2–0.6% of the total fatty acids. Conclusions. Amaranth seeds have the highest percentage of carbohydrates that reach 63.1–68.2% in the studied varieties. The protein content varies from 16.1 to 24.7%. Among essential amino acids, the content of phenylalanine in seeds of the studied varieties was the highest, 985–1155 mg/100 g. The integral score of amaranth seeds for amino acids varied from lowest to highest in the following order: leucine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine and methionine. The content of fatty acids, varied, respectively: linolenic, stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic. According to indicators of the nitrogen-containing component and the content of fatty acids, the seeds of the ‘Kharkivskyi 1’ variety exceed the other studied amaranth varieties.
Analytical review of domestic and foreign literary sources concerning ecological-and-biological features of the components choosing of mixed corn sowings with high-protein crops for the formation of the highest yields of high-qualitative fodders is given. As a result of the conducted analysis it was found that scientists do not have a common opinion regarding the optimal variety composition of the mixtures when growing for forage. However, the mixed sowings of corn with high-protein components compared with single-crop sowings can provide higher yields of herbage and getting of digestible protein. At the same time, compatible sowing contributes to the improvement of growth processes of all crops under optimizing of water and nutrient soil regimes, light and temperature conditions and photosynthesis processes by above-ground mass of plants.
Полторецький С. П., доктор с.-г. наук, професор кафедри рослинництва Уманський національний університет садівництва Полторецька Н. М., кандидат с.-г. наук, доцент кафедри рослинництва Уманський національний університет садівництва Кононенко Л. М., кандидат с.-г. наук, доцент кафедри рослинництва Уманський національний університет садівництва Кравченко В. С., кандидат с.-г. наук, старший викладач кафедри рослинництва Уманський національний університет садівництва НАСІННЄВА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ЛЮПИНУ БІЛОГО (ШРШиБ ЛІВиБ І.) ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ГЕРБІЦИДНОГО ВПЛИВУ Анотація. Через незначну кількість наукових публікацій з впливу гербіцидів на посівні якості насіння люпину та практично повну відсутність даних з їх впливу на врожайні властивості актуальним є проведення таких досліджень. Метою досліджень було встановлення особливостей формування і реалізації посівних якостей та врожайних властивостей насіння сортів люпину білого залежно від внесення гербіцидів в умовах правобережної зони північного Лісостепу України. Методика досліджень включала використання польового, лабораторного і статистичного методів. Результати досліджень дозволили встановити, що рослини люпину білого на забур'янених ділянках (без прополювання і гербіцидів) виявилися найменш продуктивними-65,6% (сорт Серпневий) і 67,7% (сорт Чабанський). Найвищу врожайність насіння серед варіантів із внесенням гербіцидів забезпечило застосування Харнесу і бакової суміші Прометрекс + Юпітер (сорт Серпневий-3,50 і 3,49 т/га, сорт Чабанський-3,83 і 3,87 т/га відповідно). Внесення гербіцидів по сходах негативно вплинуло на формування урожайності-вона була істотно нижчою серед варіантів із застосуванням гербіцидів і становила у сорту Серпневий-2,80 і 2,75 т/га, а у сорту Чабанський-3,03 і 3,06 т/га. На ділянках цих варіантів також спостерігали затримку росту й розвитку рослин люпину, що особливо прослідковувалося в першій половині вегетації.
Наведено результати трирічних досліджень з вивчення результатів успадкування елементів структури врожаю у гібридів F 1 і гібридних популяцій F2 квасолі звичайної (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) в умовах центральної підзони Правобережного Лісостепу. В результаті проведених досліджень з гібридних популяцій виділено комбінації ♀UD0300565 × ♂UD0302256; ♀UD0301041 × ♂UD0300025 і ♀UD0300577 × ♂UD0301041 в гібридному потомстві яких, існують позитивні трансгресії за ознаками:-кількість зерен на рослині; маса 1000 зерен; зернова продуктивність рослин. Успадкування елементів структури врожаю відбувається за типом наддомінування. Ключові слова: квасоля звичайна, гібрид, гібридна популяція, структура врожаю, гетерозис істинний, ступінь домінування, ступінь трансгресії, частота трансгресії. Introduction. Theoretically, the formative process under intrinsic hybridization, based on independent combining of genes, is unlimited. However, different types of gene interaction, the phenomenon of genetic linkage, and physiological correlations strongly limit the potential possibility of combining features in hybrids [1]. The study of quantitative characteristics controlled by polymer genes is rather complicated due to their significant variability, which depends on the environment [2], and the overall picture of their inheritance and variability is masked by the modifying effect of heterosis in the first generation. Newly created varieties should have balanced development of all elements of productivity and resistance to abiotic Research methodology. The research was conducted during 2014-2016 in the conditions of the research plot of the Department of Plant Production, Selection and Bioenergetic Cultures of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The region where the research was conducted by its natural conditions refers to the central subzone of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe. It is characterized by the distribution of gray forest soils of light medium-loam mechanical composition. The hydrothermal conditions of the 2014 and 2016 surveys were typical of the average yearly indices of the research area. The year 2015 was marked by a significant deficiency of precipitation and high temperature air conditions. The research material were the varieties of common beans provided by the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine [6] and hybrid combinations obtained as a result of intervarietal crossings. Sowing was carried out by the temperature regime of soil 10-12 °С at the depth of seeding and stable increase of average daily air temperature. The placement of the plots was consistent, the varieties were sown in a six-time repetition. The wide-row sowing with a width of rows of 45 cm was used. The total area of the plots was 1.35 m², and the account one is 1.0 m². Sowing was carried out manually, with the seeding rate of 18 similar seeds per 1 linear meter, the standard was placed in 10 numbers. Accounts, analyzes and observations are performed according to the generally accepted methods [7]. The degree of phenotypic dominancy was calcul...
Наведено аналітичний огляд вітчизняних і зарубіжних літературних джерел, щодо впливу стр оку і способу сівби на ріст, продуктивність, забур'яненість, ураження посівів пшениці озимої (Triticum aestivum L.) хворобами і шкідниками в різних ґрунтово-кліматичних умовах. В результаті проведеного аналізу встановлено, що науковці й до нині не мають єдиної думки
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