Inheritance of yield formula in F1 hybrids and hybrid swarms F2 Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Abstract

Наведено результати трирічних досліджень з вивчення результатів успадкування елементів структури врожаю у гібридів F 1 і гібридних популяцій F2 квасолі звичайної (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) в умовах центральної підзони Правобережного Лісостепу. В результаті проведених досліджень з гібридних популяцій виділено комбінації ♀UD0300565 × ♂UD0302256; ♀UD0301041 × ♂UD0300025 і ♀UD0300577 × ♂UD0301041 в гібридному потомстві яких, існують позитивні трансгресії за ознаками:-кількість зерен на рослині; маса 1000 зерен; зернова продуктивність рослин. Успадкування елементів структури врожаю відбувається за типом наддомінування. Ключові слова: квасоля звичайна, гібрид, гібридна популяція, структура врожаю, гетерозис істинний, ступінь домінування, ступінь трансгресії, частота трансгресії. Introduction. Theoretically, the formative process under intrinsic hybridization, based on independent combining of genes, is unlimited. However, different types of gene interaction, the phenomenon of genetic linkage, and physiological correlations strongly limit the potential possibility of combining features in hybrids [1]. The study of quantitative characteristics controlled by polymer genes is rather complicated due to their significant variability, which depends on the environment [2], and the overall picture of their inheritance and variability is masked by the modifying effect of heterosis in the first generation. Newly created varieties should have balanced development of all elements of productivity and resistance to abiotic Research methodology. The research was conducted during 2014-2016 in the conditions of the research plot of the Department of Plant Production, Selection and Bioenergetic Cultures of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The region where the research was conducted by its natural conditions refers to the central subzone of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe. It is characterized by the distribution of gray forest soils of light medium-loam mechanical composition. The hydrothermal conditions of the 2014 and 2016 surveys were typical of the average yearly indices of the research area. The year 2015 was marked by a significant deficiency of precipitation and high temperature air conditions. The research material were the varieties of common beans provided by the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine [6] and hybrid combinations obtained as a result of intervarietal crossings. Sowing was carried out by the temperature regime of soil 10-12 °С at the depth of seeding and stable increase of average daily air temperature. The placement of the plots was consistent, the varieties were sown in a six-time repetition. The wide-row sowing with a width of rows of 45 cm was used. The total area of the plots was 1.35 m², and the account one is 1.0 m². Sowing was carried out manually, with the seeding rate of 18 similar seeds per 1 linear meter, the standard was placed in 10 numbers. Accounts, analyzes and observations are performed according to the generally accepted methods [7]. The degree of phenotypic dominancy was calcul...