The best duration of the interfacial flowering-ripening period and its stability was the Gigantella variety, which was characterized by a coefficient of plasticity less than 1. The highest coefficient of agronomic stability, which was 97.9%, and homeostatic - 15.9, and the stability variant was the lowest among varieties which had been studied. In addition, high stability was provided by the variety Local Green, which along with a long period of flowering-ripening provided a low coefficient of variation, which was 4.3%, and the coefficient of agronomic stability was 95.7%, and homeostatic was 7.7, but the variance stability was higher than in the Gigantella variety. High indicators of stability were also provided by the Marmurov variety, which, along with a long period of flowering-ripening, was characterized by high stability of this indicator. Thus, the coefficient of plasticity - 0.78, the coefficient of agronomic stability was 95.4%, and homeostatic - 6.8. The weight of 1000 grains was distinguished by the variety Gigantella, which had a mass of 1000 grains was 457.2 g, also a high weight of 1000 grains provided a variety of Marble - 428.3 g. In addition, this variety provided relatively high stability, the coefficient of variation was 7.6%, and the coefficient of agronomic stability - 92.4%. Therefore, it is very difficult to combine the high mass of 1000 grains with the stability of this indicator. According to the coefficient of plasticity and the level of yield, the variety Gigantella stood out, which provided a yield of 2.64 t / ha, and the coefficient of plasticity was higher than one. In addition, this variety provided a high coefficient of agronomic stability - 90.1% and a coefficient of variation - 9.9%, homeostatic was the highest among the varieties studied and amounted to 0.27. Relatively high indicators of plasticity and stability provided Marmurov variety, which provided a yield of 2.28 t / ha, the coefficient of plasticity above one, as well as high stability, namely the coefficient of variation - 8.7% and the coefficient of agronomic stability 91.3% , and homeostatic - 0.26, the stability variant was as close as possible to zero.
Beans should be studied as an ecological object that can be used to replenish the reserves of nitrogen compounds in the soil and increase its biological activity. The goal was to conduct scientifically based zoning of varieties and assess their adaptive and productive potential in terms of productivity and nitrogen fixation. The study was conducted in the training and production department of the Uman National University of Horticulture during 2020-2022, using six varieties common in production. Standard methods of genetic and statistical analysis were used to investigate the parameters of adaptive variability. The study of phenological changes showed that, depending on the variety, it takes from 54 to 67 days before the onset of technical ripeness, and the variation of this trait is 8%. The shortest period before harvesting green beans was characterised by the varieties Zorenka and Casablanca. The variation of the growing season before the onset of biological ripeness was in the range of 90-108 days (CV=6%). According to the indicator of attachment of the lower bean, suitable varieties for mechanised harvesting were identified – Zorenka and Casablanca. Analysing the parameters of adaptability of the “bean weight” and “yield” indicators, a stable variety was found – Fruidor and highly productive varieties of intensive type Paloma, Laura, Zorenka, and Casablanca. The most productive variety was Zorenkya – 12.7 t/ha, and the least productive – Fruidor – 1.9 t/ha. In terms of seed yield, the varieties Purpurova Koroleva, Zorenka, and Casablanca stood out, the yield of which was at the level of 2.22-2.89 t/ha, which is 30.8- 70.6% more than the standard. Analysing the dependence of the growth and development parameters of green bean plants, it can be seen that these traits depend more on the conditions (CVA, %) in which they were formed than on the genotypic component (CVG, %). The results obtained provide useful information on commercial and seed production, productivity and the nitrogen-fixing ability for introduction into industrial production or further breeding practice and prove that green bean varieties are suitable for both vegetable production and high-quality seeds, as well as for biologisation of production through the use of biologically fixed nitrogen
Our research purpose is to evaluate the genotypes potential and soybeans selection from the standpoint of the potential of ontogenetic adaptation, taking into account the complex of their economically valuable personalities and properties, as well as with a positive reaction to the improvement of growing conditions. Varieties have been differentiated according to the level of ecological potential according to their reaction to growing conditions in different soil and climatic conditions of research. Evaluation and distribution of the value of plasticity and stability have enablrd identification of ecologically adapted genotypes by the yield, the duration of the growing season. The varieties Adamos, Alexandrite and Aquamarine were highly plastic in terms of yield, weight of 1000 seeds, and length of the growing season. Diamond, Anthracite, and Aventurine varieties were more conservative in their response to changing environmental conditions. Genotypes with relatively high yield stability (homeostaticity) are important in terms of selection value. The coefficient of stability from the agronomic point of view (As) characterizes the economic value of the source material: according to this, the most valuable for production are varieties in which the coefficient of stability exceeds 70%.All varieties according to this criterion belong to the stable, this is confirmed by a similar sequence of distribution of varieties by homeostatic (Hom), however, the highest were the varieties Aventurine and Diamond - 0.2. The highest yield in different soil and climatic conditions are provided by soybean varieties: Alexandrite - 2.3 t / ha; Aventurine - 2.4 t / ha, Aquamarine - 2.3 t / ha and Diamond - 2.4 t / ha.
This paper aims to study the growth and development of garden pea plants when liming the soil, applying mineral fertilizers, pre-sowing seed treatment with inoculants, micronutrients and foliar nutrition. Plants survival was higher in the trial variant when applying lime (1.0 norm of lime per ha), mineral fertilizers, pre-sowing seed treatment with Rhizobophyte and microfertilizer Wuxal Extra CoMo, foliar nutrition with microfertilizers Wuxal Microplant at the microstage ВВСН 12-13 and Wuxal Calcium, Boron at the microstage ВВСН 51-59 -92.0% and 92.1% in Skinado and Somerwood garden pea varieties. In the same variant, maximum values of the use of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were observed in Skinado variety -1.38 and Somerwood variety -1.89%. This was 0.47 and 0.57% higher compared to the control. The longest period of symbiosis, both general and active, was 35.3 and 37.1, 25.4 and 26.7 days. This was 2.2, 4.6, and 1.6 days more compared to the control where liming was applied. The highest rates of symbiotic and active potentials were observed in Skinado and Somerwood varieties and amounted to 14.0 and 15.4, 7.8 and 8.6 thousand kg per day/ha, and the amount of symbiotically fixed nitrogen (SNF) was 148.2 kg/ha in Skinado and 172 kg/ha in Somerwood variety. Pea yield was 9.36 t/ha in Skinado and 11.09 t/ha in Somerwood varieties. This was 2.15 and 2.14 t/ha more compared to the control. Green pea output was 46.4% in Skinado and 50.3% in Somerwood varieties. This was higher compared to the control by 4.4 and 3.0%, respectively.
Two-tester analysis of topcross crossings of soybean varieties, which differ in valuable economic traits and ecological and geographical origin, was used in the research. According to the indicators of combining ability, the value of soybean varieties was determined by the elements of the crop structure. In hybrid populations, the degree and frequency of positive transgressions have been determined, which is a selection material for the creation of new varieties by hybridization. High effects of ZKZ on plant height and attachment of lower beans were established in Sawyer 2-95 variety and KiVin tester; by the number of productive nodes - in the varieties Sawyer 2-95, Medea, Kyivska 97 and tester KyVin; according to the number of beans per plant - in varieties Ustya, Kyivska 97 and tester KyVin; according to the number of seeds on the plant - in the Medea, Kyivska 97 and Hoverla tester varieties; by the weight of 1000 seeds - in varieties Sawyer 2-95, Kyivska 97 and Hoverla tester; according to the mass of grain from the plant - in the varieties Medea, Kyivska 97 and tester Hoverla; in terms of productivity - in Medea, Kyivska 97 and tester Hoverla varieties. It was established that additive effects of genes were dominant in the genetic control of plant height traits and attachment of lower beans, elements of crop structure and productivity, but there was also a significant non-additive effect. According to the number of beans per plant, the number of seeds per plant, and the weight of seeds per plant, in the vast majority of hybrid populations, inheritance by the type of overdominance and dominance of the parental form with a higher manifestation of the trait was noted. The analysis of dominance indicators made it possible to identify crossbreeding combinations that are distinguished by the overdominance of the specified traits and have significant breeding value: Sawyer 2-95 × Hoverla, Kyivska 97 × Hoverla, Kharkivska precocious × Hoverla, Sawyer 2-95 × KiVin, Kharkivska precocious × KiVin.
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