Adaptability and Selection Value of Soybean Varieties for Growing in Different Soil and Climate Conditions of Ukraine

Abstract

Our research purpose is to evaluate the genotypes potential and soybeans selection from the standpoint of the potential of ontogenetic adaptation, taking into account the complex of their economically valuable personalities and properties, as well as with a positive reaction to the improvement of growing conditions. Varieties have been differentiated according to the level of ecological potential according to their reaction to growing conditions in different soil and climatic conditions of research. Evaluation and distribution of the value of plasticity and stability have enablrd identification of ecologically adapted genotypes by the yield, the duration of the growing season. The varieties Adamos, Alexandrite and Aquamarine were highly plastic in terms of yield, weight of 1000 seeds, and length of the growing season. Diamond, Anthracite, and Aventurine varieties were more conservative in their response to changing environmental conditions. Genotypes with relatively high yield stability (homeostaticity) are important in terms of selection value. The coefficient of stability from the agronomic point of view (As) characterizes the economic value of the source material: according to this, the most valuable for production are varieties in which the coefficient of stability exceeds 70%.All varieties according to this criterion belong to the stable, this is confirmed by a similar sequence of distribution of varieties by homeostatic (Hom), however, the highest were the varieties Aventurine and Diamond - 0.2. The highest yield in different soil and climatic conditions are provided by soybean varieties: Alexandrite - 2.3 t / ha; Aventurine - 2.4 t / ha, Aquamarine - 2.3 t / ha and Diamond - 2.4 t / ha.

Genetic determination of elements of the soybean yield structure and combining ability of hybridization components

“…The field research was carried out according to the generally accepted methods (Biliavska et al, 2021). The main method of creating the initial material for soybean breeding was used, namely intraspecific hybridization followed by individual selection among hybrid offspring.…”

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“…Balanced use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilisers is an important factor for maximising crop yields and achieving the desired quality. The study by researchers (Kyryliuk et al, 2020;Biliavska et al, 2021;Kotelnytska et al, 2021) confirmed the improvement of the nutrient regime of the arable soil layer, optimisation of its agrophysical and water-physical indicators by applying organic and mineral fertilisers, which are mineralised by soil microorganisms and provide plants with available nutrients. The positive effect of optimising potato fertiliser on the yield and quality of tubers was noted in the works of many researchers.…”

Nitrogen-Fixing Capacity of Soybean Varieties Depending on Seed Inoculation and Foliar Fertilization with Biopreparations

“…Scholars of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine have determined the varietal differences of leguminous plants in terms of the intensity of biological fixation and on their basis, using biotechnology, genetics and breeding, more than 70 varieties of leguminous crops have been created, including 44 varieties of a new generation, included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine, which are characterized by an increased intensity of biological fixation of nitrogen in main agricultural regions (Petrychenko et al, 2013;Biliavska et al, 2021;Mazur et al, 2023).…”