УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ РЕЖИМІВ ПРОПАРЮВАННЯ ЗА ВИРОБНИЦТВА КРУПИ ПЛЮЩЕНОЇ ІЗ ЗЕРНА ПШЕНИЦІ СПЕЛЬТИ Г. М. Господаренко, доктор сільськогосподарських наук С. П. Полторецький, доктор сільськогосподарських наук В. В. Любич, кандидат сільськогосподарських наук В. В. Желєзна, кандидат сільськогосподарських наук Уманський національний університет садівництва Встановлено, що збільшення тривалості пропарювання та відволожування підвищує вихід готового продукту та знижує тривалість його варіння. Тому на основі економічних розрахунків рекомендовано під час виробництва крупи плющеної з пшениці спельти використовувати крупу з пшениці спельти № 1, проводити її пропарювання впродовж 10 хв і відволожувати 5-10 хв з тривалістю лущення 120-140 с, що відповідає індексу лущення 11-13 %. Ключові слова: пшениця спельта, режими, пропарювання, відволожування, крупа плющена. Постановка проблеми. Зернові продукти забезпечують біля 60 % добової потреби організму в білках і 40 % калорійності раціону. При цьому крупа у харчовому раціоні людини складає від 8 до 13 % від загального споживання зернових [1,3, 7, 8].Нині серед населення нашої країни все більшу популярність

Today, spelt wheat grain is used to produce high quality food. Intermediate wheatgrass is a promising crop for prairie restoration. One of the elements of biologization is the influence of growing crops on the microbiota of soil rhizosphere. The microbiota of spelt wheat and intermediate wheatgrass soil rhizosphere remains insufficiently studied. Aim. To study the number of individual groups of microbiota in dynamics in the rhizosphere of cereal crops (spelt wheat, intermediate wheatgrass) depending on the weather conditions and the phase of plants development. Methods. Classical microbiological, statistical methods were used in the work. In particular, the study of the number of microorganisms of different ecological and trophic groups (ammonifying, nitrifying, cellulolytic and nitrogen-fixing) was carried out according to generally accepted methods in soil microbiology. The reliability of the influence of factors was determined by the probability value «р» level which was calculated using STATISTICA 8 program. Results. The amount of ammonifying and cellulolytic microorganisms in the soil rhizosphere of spelt wheat is significantly higher compared to soft wheat. The rhizosphere microbiota amount of the intermediate wheatgrass on the 2–3 year of cultivation was more resistant to adverse environmental factors compared to soft wheat. The soil rhizosphere microbiota did not change a lot depending on the phase of plant development during the vegetation period of cereal crops (spelt wheat, intermediate wheatgrass). Conclusions. The formation of rhizosphere microbiota of spelt wheat and intermediate wheatgrass was first analyzed under the conditions of the Right-Bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. The conducted studies indicate the feasibility of growing and use of spelt wheat in breeding programs to create cultivars of soft wheat with higher activity of rhizosphere microbiota. The number of ammonifying, nitrifying and cellulolytic microorganisms of soil rhizosphere of intermediate wheatgrass was significantly higher compared to soft wheat during all growth stages. The conducted studies confirm the practical application of intermediate wheatgrass to preserve and increase soil fertility. Intermediate wheatgrass can be grown for up to three years in one field, as microbiological activity reaches its maximum development.

Г. Н.Господаренко доктор с.-х. наук, профессор кафедры агрохимии и почвоведения Уманского национального университета садоводства (г. Умань), Украина С. П. Полторецкий доктор с.-х. наук, профессор кафедры растениеводства Уманского национального университета садоводства (г. Умань), Украина В. В. Любич доктор с.-х. наук, доцент кафедры технологии хранения и переработки зерна Уманского национального университета садоводства (г. Умань), Украина В. В. Железная кандидат с.-х. наук, ст. преподаватель кафедры технологии хранения и переработки зерна Уманского национального университета садоводства (г. Умань), Украина КАЧЕСТВО КРУПЯНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ ИЗ ЗЕРНА ПШЕНИЦЫ СПЕЛЬТЫ

Open pit coal mining is a global problem, because mines occupy large areas that completely change the relief, dramatically affect ecosystems, as a result of which they lose most of their functions, and a significant part of the fertile soil degrades and becomes unsuitable for agricultural activities. In the presented work, the initial stage of soil formation was studied, the parameters of the granulometric composition of uneven-aged rocks of Donbas mine dumps, their nutritional regime, and the species composition of soil algae were studied. Samples were taken from three different-aged rock dumps of the mines: ˮSouth-Donbaska -3ˮ (rock storage for 40 years); ˮSouth-Donbaska -1ˮ (storage of rock for 52 years), ˮTrudovska №5 -bis (storage of rock for more than 100 years). The agrochemical parameters of the rock were determined in the samples: pH water , humus, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, particle size distribution. The determination of granulometric fractions of 0-20 cm layer of rock dumps of the mines shows, along with the age, a potential increase of the dump of fine fractions and a decrease in the fraction of stones from 83% in the dump of the South-Donbaska mine, and by 30 to 64.7% in the dump of the Trudovska No. 5-bis. The proportion of the clay fraction is not high in all dumps and it does not exceed 1%, but its appearance indicates the initial stage of a soil structure formation. Soil formation begins with the colonization of mineral rocks with soil algae. The species composition of soil algae, the quantitative accounting were determined by microscopy of a freshly selected soil sample and by cultural methods. Algae species were determined by determinants. In the rock dump, the structure of algal groups becomes more similar to, their structure in the background soils of the territory. The dominance of the representatives of Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta in the rock indicates the steppe process of soil formation. The data obtained contribute to the expansion of the ecological and biological understanding of the initial stages of the formation of soil cenoses.

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Analytical review of domestic and foreign literary sources concerning ecological-and-biological features of the components choosing of mixed corn sowings with high-protein crops for the formation of the highest yields of high-qualitative fodders is given. As a result of the conducted analysis it was found that scientists do not have a common opinion regarding the optimal variety composition of the mixtures when growing for forage. However, the mixed sowings of corn with high-protein components compared with single-crop sowings can provide higher yields of herbage and getting of digestible protein. At the same time, compatible sowing contributes to the improvement of growth processes of all crops under optimizing of water and nutrient soil regimes, light and temperature conditions and photosynthesis processes by above-ground mass of plants.

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The aim of the research is to define optimal sowing parameters that ensure the highest yielding capacity and high quality of the proso millet seeds (Panicum miliaceum L.). To achieve a stated goal we established and analyzed multiple-factor interrelations of the formation of highly productive seed sowing of the proso millet by improving sowing methods and sowing rates as well as conditions improving sowing qualities and yielding capacity of seeds with the application of correlation pleiades. We founded that deviation from the recommended sowing rates in production results in the decline of yielding capacity level. We also suggested that the deficit of seed material caused the highest shortfalls in seed yields compared to its over-expenditure; moreover, the seed planted with wide row spacing had the best yielding capacity, while sowing with row spacing of 15 cm and sowing rate at 3.5 million seeds/ha provided the its highest yielding capacity.