A number of new wheat samples have been created as a result of hybridization of soft and spelt wheat. Wheat samples were selected with individual family selection among the offspring. The samples were characterized by considerable diversity in morphological and biological characteristics. Forms that differ significantly in plant height were observed among the created offspring. The range of variability on this trait was 55–118 cm. 1561 sample differed positively in the weight of grain from the ear, which significantly exceeded the Star of Ukraine variety and did not differ significantly on this trait from the Podolyanka variety. 1561 sample was positively different in yielding capacity (6,66 t/ha). It was significantly higher than Star of Ukraine variety and not significantly inferior to the Podolyanka variety. In terms of protein and gluten content, the sample 162 containing 44.3 % of gluten and 21.4 % of protein was the best. A significant increase of the weight of 1000 grains relative to both standards was recorded in sample 1710 (59.2 g). We have identified samples in which the earning and ripening were recorded at the level of early ripening soft wheat varieties. Samples 1710 and 1809 have a vegetation period of 280–285 days and their yielding capacity significantly exceeding the Star of Ukraine variety (5.77–6.02 t/ha). A number of new spelt-like forms of wheat were created with the use of remote hybridization of soft and spelt wheat. The obtained forms were analyzed in terms of economic value and found suitable for introduction in breeding improvement schemes. 2. Forms that combine high productivity with high grain quality, in particular sample 1561 containing 36.4 % of gluten, 17.5 % of protein and has yields 6.66 t/ha were selected. 3. Artaplot variety was created with hybridization of soft and spelt wheat; the variety is listed in the State Register for Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine since 2018. Key words: plant height, protein content, gluten content, yielding capacity, variety.
The aim of the research is to define optimal sowing parameters that ensure the highest yielding capacity and high quality of the proso millet seeds (Panicum miliaceum L.). To achieve a stated goal we established and analyzed multiple-factor interrelations of the formation of highly productive seed sowing of the proso millet by improving sowing methods and sowing rates as well as conditions improving sowing qualities and yielding capacity of seeds with the application of correlation pleiades. We founded that deviation from the recommended sowing rates in production results in the decline of yielding capacity level. We also suggested that the deficit of seed material caused the highest shortfalls in seed yields compared to its over-expenditure; moreover, the seed planted with wide row spacing had the best yielding capacity, while sowing with row spacing of 15 cm and sowing rate at 3.5 million seeds/ha provided the its highest yielding capacity.
Goal. To analyze and systematize spelt wheat lines of Uman National University of Horticulture aiming to selection of valuable initial forms with high grain quality and involvement of them into breeding to create highly-productivve varieties of the crop. Results and Discussion. Over 300 spelt wheat lines were created by remote hybridization. They significantly differ by expression of economically valuable traits. The plant height varied within 52–129 cm. Ten accessions were significant taller than the standard. Tall, medium-height and dwarf forms were selected. The grain weight per ear did not varied significantly (V=36 %). The grain weight per ear in accessions 1695, 1691, 1755, 1559, 1674, 1817, and 1786 was significantly higher than that in the standard. We selected accessions that significantly exceeded the standard by yield capacity. At the same time, they were easily threshed (80–90 %); accessions 1559 and 1786 had high protein content of 21.2 % and 22.3 %, respectively, and high gluten content of 44.5 % and 45.2 %, respectively. The highest protein content was recorded in accessions 1721 (24.0 %) and 1691 (22.8 %). The 1000-kernel weight was significantly increased in accessions 1559 (65.0 g), 1691 (55.1 g), and 1674 (55.5 g). Early-ripening forms (1674 и 1719) maturing by 7–10 days earlier than bread wheat were distinguished. Accessions 1674 and 1721 were highly resistant to brown rust. Conclusions. Remote hybridization of spelt wheat with bread winter wheat is an effective way to improve this crop via breeding. Among over 300 lines of spelt wheat obtained by this method, there were especially valuable accessions combining high yields with high grain quality: accession 1817 with the gluten content of 45.2%, protein content of 22.3% and yield of 6.55 t/ha and accession 1559 containing 44.5% of gluten, 21.2% of protein and giving a yield of 6.36 t/ha. These accessions will be submitted to the state registration. Winter spelt wheat variety Evropa listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine since 2015 resulted from hybridization between bread wheat and spelt wheat.
У статті наведено результати досліджень зі створення нових високопродуктивних матеріалівтритикале озимого під час використання в селекційному процесі пшениці спельта (Triticum spelta L.).Вихідним матеріалом слугували сорти тритикале ярого Хлібодар харківський та озимого − Розівська6 і зразок пшениці спельта з передгірських районів Карпат. Гібридне потомство F2–5 аналізували запроявом морфологічних ознак та господарсько-цінних показників. Контрольне сортовипробуваннявідібраних кращих зразків проводили впродовж 2012–2015 рр. У дослідах використовували система-тичний метод розміщення ділянок. Облікова площа ділянки становила 10 м2. Повторність досліду −чотириразова. Державну науково-технічну експертизу сорту проводили впродовж 2015–2018 рр. у17 обласних Державних центрах експертизи сортів рослин різних областей України. Для створеннясорту Наварра проведено гібридизацію сорту тривидового тритикале Розівська 6 з пшеницею спе-льта та наступне схрещування гібридів першого покоління з сортом тритикале ярого Хлібодар хар-ківський. За умови використання багаторазового індивідуального добору серед нащадків відібранозразок 491. Його аналізували в конкурсному сортовипробуванні, де він істотно перевищував середнійгруповий стандарт за врожайністю (5,97 т/га) та не поступався за вмістом клейковини (21,7 %),масою 1000 зерен (47,8 г) та натурою зерна (690 г/л). 2015 р. зразок 491 було передано на Державнунауково-технічну експертизу під назвою Наварра. За цей період середня врожайність сорту в зоніПолісся становила 5,46 т/га, що перевищувало середні за зоною показники на 1,0 т/га, а в зоні Лісо-степу − 5,26 т/га. Сорт вдало поєднує високу продуктивність із високими показниками якості зерна(вміст білка в зерні − 13,1 %, маса 1000 зерен − 48,6 г) та стійкість проти несприятливих чинниківнавколишнього середовища. За результатами Державної науково-технічної експертизи сорт три-тикале озимого Наварра занесено до Державного реєстру сортів рослин, придатних для поширенняв Україні в 2019 році і рекомендовано до вирощування в зоні Полісся.
The aim and tasks of the study envisaged assessing and identifying spring wheat lines of competitive variety trial by drought tolerance to be involved in research programs as starting material. Material and methods. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Spring Wheat Breeding of VM Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine in 2013-2014. Fifty five spring wheat lines of competitive variety trial were studied. Drought tolerance was evaluated in the field by the spike realization coefficient and in the laboratory by the seed germination percentage in sucrose solution as well as by electrolyte leakage. Results and discussion. The meteorological conditions during the study period were contrast, which allowed evaluating and selecting breeding material by drought tolerance. Bread wheat lines of competitive variety trial Lutescens 10-36, Lutescens 11-24, Lutescens 12-30, Erythrospermum 13-11, Albidum 10-41, and others and durum wheat lines Leukurum 13-02, Melianopus 10-03, Leukurum 12-09, Leukurum 12-16, and Leukurum 12-41 were selected by the spike realization coefficient. Lines Melianopus 10-03, Leukurum 10-26, Lutescens 05-24, Lutescens 10-36, Lutescens 11-02, and Lutescens 12-26, and others were selected the seed germination percentage in sucrose solution. Lines Lutescens 10-36, Lutescens 05-24, Lutescens 10-23, Albidum 10-41, Melianopus 10-02, Leukurum 10-26, and others were selected by electrolyte leakage; their indices were much higher than those in standards. Conclusions. Thus, in 2013-2014, the three methods of evaluation of drought tolerance selected spring lines that were the most drought tolerant: Lutescens 10-36 (submitted to the state variety trial as variety "Oksamyt Myronivskyi"), Melianopus 10-02 (submitted to the state variety trial as variety "MIP Raiduzhna"), Albidum 10-41, Leukurum 10-14, which are recommended as starting material in breeding for drought tolerance. ДОБІР ПШЕНИЧНО-ЖИТНІХ ХРОМОСОМНО ЗАМІЩЕНИХ ФОРМ ТРИТИКАЛЕ ЗА НАЯВНІСТЮ МОРФОЛОГІЧНИХ ОЗНАК СПЕЛЬТИДіордієва І. П., Рябовол Я. С. Уманський національний університет садівництва, Україна У статті обґрунтовано можливість відбору пшенично-житніх хромосомно заміщених форм тритикале за наявністю морфологічних ознак спельти. Показано, що при відборі хромосомно заміщених форм тритикале серед нащадків за наявністю ознак спельти, зникає потреба в аналізі всіх отриманих форм, оскільки контроль наявності хромосомного заміщення проводять тільки у тих нащадків, які мають ознаки спельти. В результаті досліджень відібрано зразок 116/14, у якого встановлено хромосомне заміщення.Ключові слова: пшенично-житнє хромосомне заміщення, тритикале, спельта, схрещування, морфологічна ознака. The aim and tasks of the study. The research purpose was to estimate a possibility of selecting wheat-rye chromosome substituted triticale forms by presence of certain spelt morphological traits. Proceeding from the purpose, the following objectives were set: to investigate phenotypic expression of spelt morphological traits in forms obtained by crossing ...
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