At present, winter durum wheat is grown after its unpaired predecessors. Under such conditions, fertiliser is important. Therefore, the study of the yield formation and quality of winter durum wheat grain depending on the fertiliser system is relevant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the yield formation and quality of winter durum wheat grain under various fertiliser systems. The study was conducted in conditions of a stationary field experiment of the Uman National University of Horticulture, located in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2020–2021. The experiment was founded in 2011. The following crops are grown in the four-course field crop rotation: winter wheat, corn, spring barley, soybeans. The experiment scheme includes 11 variants of combinations and separate application of mineral fertilisers, including the control option without fertiliser. Grain harvest was performed by direct combining, protein content and gluten content were determined by infrared spectroscopy using Infratek 1241. Statistical data processing was performed using the STATISTICA 10 software. Yield of winter durum wheat grain significantly increased from the fertiliser. However, the effectiveness of their use varied depending on the year of study. Thus, in 2020, it increased by 1.1–1.2 times (3.9-4.1 t hа-1) with long-term use of nitrogen fertilisers alone. Long-term use of complete mineral fertiliser (N150P60K80) significantly affected the grain yield (4.3 t hа-1) compared to variant N150. In 2021, grain yields increased 1.2–1.4 times, depending on the fertiliser system. Notably, the use of N150P60K40 and N150P30K80 in terms of impact on grain yield was at the level of the variant N150P60K80. Paired combinations of fertiliser application were effective at the level of long-term application of N150P30K40. Application of N75P30K40 provided the formation of only 4% lower grain yield compared to N150P30K40. The protein and gluten content was most affected by the nitrogen component of the complete mineral fertiliser. The conducted studies confirm the high reaction of durum wheat to the use of nitrogen fertilisers. The results obtained can be used to predict the productivity of durum winter wheat depending on soil fertility

Goal. Fungicide application fungicides, applied separately and at the background of using inoculum Rhizoactive, on the formation of yielding capacity and some structural parameters of soy crops. According to the set goal, the task was to select the most effective fungicides to fight diseases in the crops, when they are applied separately and at the background of seed inoculation with Rhizoactive. Methods. Field and laboratory. Results. It has been established that the formation of the yielding capacity of soya and indexes of crops structure depends on the fungicides type and their application against the background of using inoculant and without it. It has been proved that the highest productivity of soya crops formed in the variants of the experiment with the application of Impact K, 0.8 l/ ha and Coronet 300 SC КС, 0.8 l/ha against the background of treatment of soya seeds with Rhizoactive. Conclusions. Application of fungicides Akanto Plus 28 KC, 1.0 l/ha, Amistar Extra 280 SC, KC, 0.75 l/ha, Bamper Super 490, KE, 1.5 l/ ha, Impact K, 0.8 l/ha, Koronet 300 SC, KC, 0.5 l/ha in the crops of soy at the background of pre-sowing seed treatment with  inoculum leads to the increase of yielding capacity of crops by 11—15% and improved structure of crops, which is, on the one hand, provided by the improving phytosanitary state of soy crops under the action of fungicides, and on the other hand, by the nutrition of plants at the background of activation of legume inoculum.

Мостов'як І. І., кандидат с.-г. наук, доцент Уманський національний університет садівництва аспірант Уманський національний університет садівництва Кравченко О. В. 'Я \ ФОРМУВАННЯ ФОТОСИНТЕТИЧНОЇ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ ПОСІВІВ СОЇ ЗА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РІЗНИХ ВИДІВ ФУНГІЦИДІВ ТА ІНОКУЛЯНТА У ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНОМУ ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ Анотація. У статті наведено результати досліджень з вивчення фотосинтетичної діяльності посівів сої за використання різних видів фунгіцидів та інокулянта Ризоактив. Об'єктами досліджень слугували рослини сої сорту Аннушка та мікробний препарат (МБП) Ризоактив. Концентрацію хлорофілів а і b досліджували у фазу завершення цвітіння-утворення бобів за допомогою спектрофотометра згідно методики З.М. Грицаєнко зі співавторами. Показники чистої продуктивності фотосинтезу посівів розраховували за методикою А.О. Ничипоровича. У результаті досліджень встановлено, що на продуктивність фотосинтетичних процесів в рослинах сої, крім погодних та агротехнічних умов значний вплив чинять біологічно активні речовини (різні види фунгіцидів та мікробний препарат).

No abstract

One of the important factors in obtaining quality seeds of cereals is the technology of cultivation, which should ensure high yields and quality of grain and be safe for the environment. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the impact of different growing technologies on the pathogenic microflora of the seeds winter wheat and oats. It was established that on the seeds of winter wheat of the variety Oberig Myronivskyi according to the traditional growing technology 7 genera of phytopathogenic micromycetes parasitized such as Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Acremoniella spp., Bipolaris spp., Penicillium spp., Cladosporim spp., which were characterized by different frequency of occurrence from 10% to 60%. On the seeds of oat variety Timbre we identified such phytopathogenic micromycetes as Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Chaetomiums spp., Drechslera spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., where their frequency of occurrence was from 10 to 50%. The highest frequency of occurrence the seeds winter wheat and oats by traditional growing technologies was characterized by genera Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. This can create a significant problem when storing seeds and suppress its germination. Under organic growing technology on winter wheat seeds of the variety Oberig Myronivskyi micromycetes of the following genera: Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Chaetomiums spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Bipolaris spp. were identified, where their frequency of occurrence was from 25 to 50%. On the seeds of oats of the variety Timbre there were micromycetes of genera: Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Chaetomiums spp., Drechslera spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp. with frequency of occurrence from 10 to 50%. The dominant genus was Trichoderma spp. Fungi of this genus have the ability to multiply rapidly, which will compete with other microorganisms. The growing technology of cereal affect not only the number and frequency of occurrence phytopathogenic micromycetes on seeds, but also sporulation and their reproductive structures. It was found that the seeds of winter wheat and oats, in the conditions of traditional growing technology, the similarity of micromycetes was 56%. At the same time, the coefficient similarity of species the phytopathogenic micromycetes on the seeds of the studied crops, in terms of organic technology, was slightly higher and amounted to 63%. The analyzed indicators, such as the frequency of occurrence and the similarity coefficient, make it possible to evaluate the seeds of growing plant varieties in order to avoid biological contamination of agrocenoses with infectious structures of the phytopathogenic micromycetes.

Despite significant progress in the study of the subtle mechanisms of interaction between cellular and molecular elements in immune responses, the general structure of the organs of the immune system, including the lymph node, has not been sufficiently studied, in particular in large farm animals. The lymph nodes of sexually mature camels have been studied anatomically and morphologically and advanced studies conducted using an X-ray system and a computer densitometer scanner with injection of a contrast medium. The topography and characteristics of the morphometric parameters (absolute and relative mass, linear measurements, volume) of certain somatic and visceral lymph nodes were determined. The mass of the lymph nodes studied varies according to the location and the interest of the organ in the satellite defense of the lymphoid system, For part of the x-ray examination of the lymph nodes, organs of large inguinal and axillary shape were selected after passing through a solution of tetraethyl-4,4-diamino-triphenylmethane oxalate, the lymph vessels were dilated and darkened, then iodine injections were made into the afferent lymphatic vessel of two lymph nodes; they were placed on the radiological cassette, a photograph taken on conventional radiography, for computer densitometer, the examination was made without preparation of the organs. A capsule encompasses the parenchyma of the lymph node, whose internal structure is composed of different zones, cortical, paracortical and medullary, on the one hand the lymphatic vessels were very clear especially with the conventional radiography with preparation of the organs, while the computer densitometer clearly revealed the deep texture of the parenchyma, basing it on the intensity of emission saturation from the use of computer densitometer.

The article presents alternatives for the use of additional components of cultivation technology for lentil that are aimed at increasing tolerance to a water deficiency at the early stages of growth and development, namely: (i) soil amendment with moisture-retaining polymers; (ii) seed treatment with a growth regulator contributing to a better formation of the root system; (iii) the use of biological product providing for the formation of the soil mycorrhizal biota; and (iv) foliar application of micro fertilizers. The best in terms of the effect on the growth and development of plants appeared the following treatments: seed treatment with the growth regulator Kelpak SC (3 l/t), soil amendment with moisture-retaining polymers Aquasorb (200 kg/ha) and mycorrhizal bio preparation Mycofriend (1 l/ha), followed by the treatment of plants with micro fertilizer Reakom-SP-Legumes (3 l/ha, BBCH 14) or Quantum-Legumes (1.0 l/ha, BBCH 14). These treatments contributed to an increase in the number of stems of the 2 nd and 3 rd orders by 1.8 and 2.0, leaves by 8.6 and 8.8, and nods by 15.3 and 16.1, respectively, compared to the control treatment. In addition, a combination of these plant products had a positive impact on the formation of filled beans, and the plants formed 23.5−23.7 filled beans. Also, these treatments provided 1.6−1.8 times increase in the number of seeds per bean compared to the control. Pre-sowing seed treatment with the growth regulator Kelpak SC (3 l/t), application of moisture-retaining polymers Aquasorb (200 kg/ha) and mycorrhizal bio preparation Mycofriend (1 l/ha), followed by foliar application of fertilizers Reakom SC Legumes (3 l/ha, BBCH 14) or Quantum-Legumes (1.0 l/ha, BBCH 14) contributed to the formation of lentil yield of 3.15 and 3.17 t/ha, respectively, over the years of the experiment. The integral action of these plant products contributed to obtaining seeds with a higher content of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, as well as vitamins, macro and microelements. Moreover, young lentil sprouts can resist adverse environmental factors due to the richer biochemical stocks formed in a seed.

Purpose. To determine the subspecies and variety/sample of garlic with the best nutritional value by analy­zing the difference between nutritional value indicators and their variation according to the time of planting (winter or spring). Methods. During 2020–2022, in field conditions (Uman, 48°46’N, 30°14’E) were studied 25 breeding and local forms of garlic (9 – winter bolting; 9 – winter non- bolting; 11 – spring, among which samples No. 14, 33, 43 and 44 were determined to be suitable for planting in autumn and spring. For the analysis of the obtained results, generally accepted methods of genetic and statistical analysis were used. Results. Varieties and samples with high protein content were selected – ‘Giovanna’, ‘Sofiivskyi’, No. 14, 43, 54 and 55; with high calorie pulp – ‘Apollon’, No. 14, 27, 33, 43 and 57 (can be the starting material in the process of crea­ting highly nutritious varieties for the needs of the food industry). With regard to nutritional elements, the accumulation of proteins in the pulp of winter non-bolting garlic was 4.1 and 20.9% higher than that of winter bolting and spring garlic, respectively. The highest fat content was found in the pulp of winter bolting and spring subspecies. Spring garlic accumulated the most carbohydrates, while winter non-bolting garlic accumulated the least. At the same time, the energy value indicator of spring garlic was 130.03 kcal/100 g raw pulp mass, which was 3.1 and 12.6% higher than that of the winter bolting and winter non-bolting subspecies, respectively. Conclusions. The results of the study showed that winter garlic was significantly superior to spring garlic in terms of protein content in the pulp. The difference in fat content was insignificant. Spring garlic pulp was characte­rised by a significantly higher amount of carbohydrates and therefore the highest calorie content.