The influence of the duration, the method of sowing and the reduction rates on the growth and productivity of winter wheat

To obtain high yields of winter wheat, it is important to control the contamination of crops with weeds. It is known that yield losses can be 30% or more due to the presence of segetal vegetation in wheat crops. With intensive technology of growing winter wheat, the chemical method of protection against weeds is an extremely important element. The paper highlights data on the species composition and class of contamination of winter wheat agrocenosis. The effectiveness of herbicides and their tank mixtures in winter wheat crops to reduce the presence of the weed component, increase grain yield and quality in the conditions of Luginsky District of Zhytomyr region on sandy loam soils during 2019-2021 was studied. It is established that the structure of the weed component of agrophytocenosis of winter wheat in farm conditions is dominated by dicotyledonous weed species, namely: field mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), wild pansy (Viola tricolor L.), shovelweed (Capsella bursa-pastoris L.), toadpipe (Equisetum arvense L.), and blue bottle flower (Centaurea cyanus L.), the share of which is 64.8%. Graminaceous species of weeds are represented by silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti L.), couch-grass (Elytrigia repens L.), rye brome grass (Bromus secalinus L.). The technical efficiency of the studied herbicides with the separate and joint application was in the range of 60.8-94.6%. The highest indicator of technical efficiency of herbicides in winter wheat crops, which is 94.6%, was obtained in an experiment using a tank mixture of Granstar Pro 75 + Apiros 75 preparations, with norms of 0.025+0.013 kg/ha, as well as an increase in wheat grain yield by 2.0 t/ha compared to the contaminated control. Spraying winter wheat crops with herbicides during the growing season allows improving the quality indicators of the grain yield structure. In particular, the content of protein and fibrin increases by 1.1 times; the moisture content of grain decreases by 1.0-1.1 times, and the content of dirt impurity decreases by 2.8-6.7 times, compared to the control version

Effectiveness of Herbicides in Winter Wheat Crops

Гурманчук¹,

Plotnytska²,

Nevmerzhytska³

et al. 2022

Influence of Weather Conditions on the Duration of Interphysical Periods and Yield of Durum Winter Wheat

Korkhova

Mykolaichuk

2022

Despite the high genetic potential of productivity of new varieties, the yield of durum winter wheat remains low. One of the reasons for this is non-compliance with the recommended cultivation technologies, which would take into account the genetic characteristics of different varieties, their adaptation to the climatic conditions of the region. Due to insufficient scientific studies of the impact of weather conditions on the productivity of durum winter wheat, taking into account the main strategy of agricultural adaptation to negative climate changes in the southern steppe of Ukraine, the research topic is relevant. The aim of the work was to determine the degree of influence of changes in weather and climatic conditions in the main interphase periods on the growth and development and yield of winter durum wheat grain, depending on the varietal composition. Field studies were conducted during 2014-2020 years in the experimental field of the MNAU training, research and practical center with four varieties of winter durum wheat. In the course of the study, generally accepted methods were used: system approach and systems analysis, monographic, analysis and synthesis, field research and statistical mathematical, etc. Its predecessor was black steam, the sowing period was October 1st. According to the results of research, it was determined that the formation of winter durum wheat grain yield was significantly influenced by the duration of interphase and vegetations and the amount of precipitation. The weather conditions of 2014, 2016 and 2019 were more favorable for the germination of winter durum wheat seeds, when the plants reached the sum of effective temperatures of 70.0-89.1 ° С, the duration of the interphase period "sowing-seedlings" was only 11-12 days. In favorable yields in 2016 and 2019 years the duration of the vegetation of plants was the longest – 296 and 288 days, respectively, with the amount of precipitation for the reporting period – 358.5-402.0 mm, and in unfavorable years in 2018 and 2020 years the vegetation was 272 and 276 days with the amount of precipitation 256.9 and 308.9 mm. The highest average yield of winter durum wheat grain by variety was formed in 2016 year as 7.24 t/ha, which was by 8.3-43.5% higher than in other years studied

Productivity of winter wheat depending on sowing dates and fertilisation

Rudavska,

Konyk,

Tymchyshyn

et al. 2023

Modern varieties of winter wheat have high genetic productivity potential that can be realised through improved cultivation techniques, including sowing dates optimisation, fertiliser system optimisation, and the application of microelements, which determines the relevance of this study. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the specific features of winter wheat productivity formation based on cultivation techniques in the Carpathian region. The research utilised field, laboratory (for grain quality determination), and statistical methods (for data reliability assessment). Field studies were conducted during 2021-2022 on grey forest surface-eroded soils. The growth and development characteristics of the Estafeta Myronivska, Dovira Odeska, and Akhim winter wheat varieties sown at different dates (September 20, October 5, October 20) were investigated. It was found that grain yield and individual productivity indicators of the studied winter wheat varieties varied depending on sowing dates, mineral fertilizer doses, foliar feeding, and varietal traits. The highest individual plant productivity indicators were achieved by the Estafeta Myronivska, Dovira Odeska, and Akhim varieties sown on October 5 with mineral fertiliser application N120P90K90 (including N30P90K90 applied during cultivation, N15 after soil thawing, N45 (in the BBCH 29-30 growth stage), N30 (BBCH 55-57) with dual application of micronutrients (Aidamin-complex foliar feeding). As a result of the studied factors, an increase in the number of productive stems, grains per stem, and grain weight per spike was observed. The highest grain yield among the studied varieties was achieved by the Estafeta Myronivska variety (5.65 t/ha) when sown on October 5 with N120P90K90 and Aidamin-complex foliar feeding. The research results can be used to adjust the cultivation techniques of winter wheat in production conditions to increase yield and grain quality