Influence of Weather Conditions on the Duration of Interphysical Periods and Yield of Durum Winter Wheat

Abstract

Despite the high genetic potential of productivity of new varieties, the yield of durum winter wheat remains low. One of the reasons for this is non-compliance with the recommended cultivation technologies, which would take into account the genetic characteristics of different varieties, their adaptation to the climatic conditions of the region. Due to insufficient scientific studies of the impact of weather conditions on the productivity of durum winter wheat, taking into account the main strategy of agricultural adaptation to negative climate changes in the southern steppe of Ukraine, the research topic is relevant. The aim of the work was to determine the degree of influence of changes in weather and climatic conditions in the main interphase periods on the growth and development and yield of winter durum wheat grain, depending on the varietal composition. Field studies were conducted during 2014-2020 years in the experimental field of the MNAU training, research and practical center with four varieties of winter durum wheat. In the course of the study, generally accepted methods were used: system approach and systems analysis, monographic, analysis and synthesis, field research and statistical mathematical, etc. Its predecessor was black steam, the sowing period was October 1st. According to the results of research, it was determined that the formation of winter durum wheat grain yield was significantly influenced by the duration of interphase and vegetations and the amount of precipitation. The weather conditions of 2014, 2016 and 2019 were more favorable for the germination of winter durum wheat seeds, when the plants reached the sum of effective temperatures of 70.0-89.1 ° С, the duration of the interphase period "sowing-seedlings" was only 11-12 days. In favorable yields in 2016 and 2019 years the duration of the vegetation of plants was the longest – 296 and 288 days, respectively, with the amount of precipitation for the reporting period – 358.5-402.0 mm, and in unfavorable years in 2018 and 2020 years the vegetation was 272 and 276 days with the amount of precipitation 256.9 and 308.9 mm. The highest average yield of winter durum wheat grain by variety was formed in 2016 year as 7.24 t/ha, which was by 8.3-43.5% higher than in other years studied

Influence of irrigation and weather conditions on the duration of interphase periods of winter wheat varieties

“…Research conducted by M. Korkhova & V. Mykolaichuk [27] established that weather conditions during the vegetation phases of plants had a significant impact on the duration of interphase periods and crop formation in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine of durum winter wheat varieties during 2014-2020. the duration of the "sowing-planting" period has the amount of precipitation. The duration of the period "seedlings-termination of vegetation", "emergence into the tube-beginning of earing" and "milk-wax maturity"depended to a greater extent on the sum of effective temperature and precipitation.…”

The Formation of the Productivity of Winter Wheat Depends on the Predecessor, Doses of Mineral Fertilizers and Bio Preparations

“…Many researchers have established that the grain yield of winter wheat depends on the nutritional background of the previous crop, but to a greater extent on the weather conditions in the year of sowing -the supply of water to plants during wintering and growing season (Korkhova & Mykolaichuk, 2022;Panfilova et al, 2020;Andriichenko & Kachanova, 2018).…”

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“…Global warming leads to changes in precipitation patterns and an increasingly negative water balance during the growing season of plants, which increases the risk of drought (Tabari, 2020;Korkhova & Mykolaichuk, 2022).…”