This paper presents a three-stage process of conceptual development in response to the call for a unifying direction for research in the emergent field of international entrepreneurship. Drawing on classic approaches to internationalisation, and importing insight from entrepreneurship as a separate and distinct field of study, the paper develops three potential models of internationalisation as a time-based process of entrepreneurial behaviour. The models evolve from the simple through general to precise levels of conceptualisation. Research implications are discussed. Journal of International Business Studies (2005) 36, 284–303. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400138

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This study of 196 small high-technology firms embraces the areas of the internationalization of entrepreneurially led firms and the early stages of the international growth and development of high-technology firms. The author's conceptual stance is that the early internationalization of small firms should be viewed as an holistic process, that is, one in which interrrelated and even integrated decisions and processes combine to accomplish a firm's individual pattern of internationalization. The study explores firms’ patterns of international development through their establishment of cross-border activity in key value chains and associated service activities.

In this qualitative investigation, the authors report on the overseas expansion processes of technologically oriented U.K. small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The findings provide further challenges to the incremental approach to internationalization; also, the authors put forward criticisms in relation to policymakers’ current approach to categorizing internationalizing SMEs in the provision of trade assistance programs.

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This is a repository copy of International entrepreneurship: exploring the logic and utility of individual experience through comparative reasoning approaches.