The purpose of research is the assessment of the individual cancer risk (ICR) for workers of the basic occupations in key branches of industry of the Irkutsk region. There was executed the calculation of ICR levels for workers of the basic occupations of the aircraft industry, aluminum smelters and vinyl chloride production plants. The estimation of the exposure for workers was carried out according to long-term time-weighted average concentrations in the air of the working area, for the population - on annual average concentrations in the ambient air. To assess the risk that is not associated with the profession, the dose was calculated for the period of life (70 years). When calculating the toxicant doses in the working area there were used the “standard” indices ofpulmonary ventilation for adults, body weight, the work experience in the contact with carcinogens of 30 years, the number of days in the contact of 240, the duration of the working time 8 or 12 hours (in accordance with the working hours) duration. ICR for the Irkutsk population amounted of 3.08E-04, in Shelekhov - 4.8E-05, Sayansk - 1.1E-05. The amount of risk depends on the content offormaldehyde in all territories and chromium VI in cities of Irkutsk and Shelekhov. ICR for workers of basic occupations of studied plants in dozens of times are higher than for the urban population. Priority carcinogens are: chromium VI, nickel, formaldehyde, silicon dioxide -for the aircraft plant employees; 1,2-dichloretan, vinyl chloride - for the workers of vinyl chloride production plant; benzopyrene - for the aluminum smelter workers.
Introduction. The production of primary aluminum is one of the leading and belonging to the category of an increased health hazard for workers in the economy, which requires close attention to working conditions while modernizing production technology. Material and methods. The research methodology included a comprehensive study of working conditions and assessment of priority occupational risk factors, an in-depth study of the morphology, dispersed and component composition of dust and gas components air-suspended at different technologies of electrolysis of aluminum. Results. The leading production factors of occupational risk, degrees are fluorine-containing compounds, dust and gas-aerosol mixtures in the form of separate and assembled into agglomerates micro- and nanostructured particles of complex chemical composition (fluorine, carbon, aluminum, sodium, oxygen, silicon, iron, sulfur, chromium, nickel, etc.), unfavorable microclimate, electromagnetic field, noise, vibration, physical loads, which are related to the 3rd (harmful) class of 1 to 3 degree. Discussion. Modernization of aluminum production with the introduction of technology of pre-baked anodes allows significantly improve working conditions, reduce the admission of harmful chemical substances into the air of the working area, with the exception of hydrofluoride, the concentration of which exceeds extremely permissible levels in 1.5-3.1 times. Noteworthy is the fact of the detection of aerosols of disintegration and condensation, including particles of nanoscale range, impurities of heavy metals in the air. The consequences of the effect of such complex combination mixtures, their combined effects with other factors on the body, can have pronounced negative effects, which is important with adequate exposure analysis and personalized assessment of the health risks of workers engaged in the production of aluminum. Conclusion. Working conditions at workplaces with the technology of self-baking anodes are characterized by moderate or severe professional risk, with the technology of pre-baked anodes - mild or moderate risk, which makes the urgent problem of further improvement of aluminum production technologies, detailed analysis of personal exposures of harmful substances for a correct assessment of the health risk of workers, is relevant.
747 hair samples of the pre-school aged children from different regions of the Irkutsk Region have been analyzed with the aim to establish the regional reference indices. The measurements were performed by the atomic-absorption method. The population deficiency of the essential microelements of zinc, copper along with the simultaneous excess of magnesium, mercury was revealed to be observed at the territory of the Irkutsk Region. According to the results of the study of mercury level in biological medias of the children population of the Irkutsk region it is possible to mark the unfavorable areas where chronic anthropogenic load has led to the accumulation of mercury in the body.
Introduction. Modern technologies make it possible to significantly reduce the mercury content in the air of the working zone at enterprises with mercury electrolysis. Under these conditions, it is of interest to assess the risks of health disorders, taking into account exposure to mercury loads to justify the etiological role of mercury in the formation of health problems in workers. Material and methods. The studies included the evaluation of the mercury content in the air of the working area for a long period, the assessment of the health of workers on the results of medical examinations and quantitative assessment of the risks of the main general pathological syndromes. Exposure loads of mercury were calculated on the basis of the author’s guidelines and normative-methodical documents. Results. In mercury electrolysis shops significant mercury concentrations (up to 8-20 MACs) were recorded in the period from 1987 to 1992 with the exception of mercury from the technological process, its concentrations do not exceed the hygienic standard. However, in these conditions, the workers were found to have high levels of health risks and morbidity, especially from the neuropsychic sphere, as well as statistically significant relationships between morbidity rates and exposure values of mercury loads. Discussion. In our study, with significantly reduced exposure to mercury, workers remain to be at risk of functional neurological disorders, as well as diseases of the nervous system and mental disorders. Despite the contradictory literature data on the development of neuropsychic effects of mercury in time, in our study, the etiological role of mercury in workers’ health is confirmed by the identification of correlations between the indices of health disorders of the nervous and mental sphere and the duration of work in the occupation, as well as the values of exposure loads by the toxicant. Conclusion. The study made it possible to relate the identified changes in the health status of workers with the accumulated exposure to mercury, as well as to recommend the use of indices of the exposure to chemical loads to justify the relationship of morbidity with the occupation.
ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований», г. Ангарск Введение. Изучение элементного состава биологических сред человека является одним из перспективных направлений медицинской науки. Цель работы -оценка микроэлементного статуса волос у детей сельских регионов Иркутской области, отличающихся по климатическим и геохимическим условиям. Методы. Обследованы 372 ребенка в возрасте 6-15 лет. Микроэлементный статус волос детей оценивали атомно-абсорбционным методом на спектрофотометре ААС-240DUO фирмы «Agilent Technolgies» (США). Исследовано содержание трех эссенциальных элементов (цинк, медь, магний) и трех токсичных (ртуть, свинец, кадмий). Данные описывали с помощью медиан (Me) и межквартильных интервалов (Q 1 -Q 3 ). Результаты. Наибольшему отклонению от нормы подвержено содержание меди и магния. Содержание меди в биосредах детей семи обследованных районов находилось на уровне 3,48-6,15 мкг/г, интервал Q 1 -Q 3 содержания магния у детей Казачинского района составлял 8,89-20,54 мкг/г, что ниже биологически допустимой границы. Концентрация цинка повышена у детей, проживающих в северных районах (212,89-308,52 мкг/г), в то время как в предгорном районе отмечен его дефицит (53,01-66,21 мкг/г). Превышение фонового уровня ртути отмечено в Аларском (0,66-2,30 мкг/г), Балаганском (0,56-1,82 мкг/г) и Катанском (0,34-1,20 мкг/г) районах. Повышенный уровень свинца наблюдался в Аларском районе (1,17-4,26 мкг/г), кадмия -в Катанском (0,22-0,64 мкг/г). Выводы. Установлена региональная специфика накопления эссенциальных и токсичных элементов, что может оказаться основой развития различных патологий. Оценка элементного статуса детей сельских регионов области показала необходимость проведения более интенсивного биомониторинга микроэлементов и всестороннего исследования здоровья детей как особо уязвимой и социально значимой группы риска.
There is presented the assessment of priority toxic matters in the air of working zone for basic occupations of aluminum smelting by electrolysis. There are presented results of different production technologies. There are presented the results of the physical-chemical analysis of the morphology and composition of produced toxic-dust complexes.
The results of studies on the hygienic assessment of the content of fluoride compounds in the air of the working area and urine of workers of the main professions of workshops, with various technologies for the production of aluminum are presented.
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