The purpose of research is the assessment of the individual cancer risk (ICR) for workers of the basic occupations in key branches of industry of the Irkutsk region. There was executed the calculation of ICR levels for workers of the basic occupations of the aircraft industry, aluminum smelters and vinyl chloride production plants. The estimation of the exposure for workers was carried out according to long-term time-weighted average concentrations in the air of the working area, for the population - on annual average concentrations in the ambient air. To assess the risk that is not associated with the profession, the dose was calculated for the period of life (70 years). When calculating the toxicant doses in the working area there were used the “standard” indices ofpulmonary ventilation for adults, body weight, the work experience in the contact with carcinogens of 30 years, the number of days in the contact of 240, the duration of the working time 8 or 12 hours (in accordance with the working hours) duration. ICR for the Irkutsk population amounted of 3.08E-04, in Shelekhov - 4.8E-05, Sayansk - 1.1E-05. The amount of risk depends on the content offormaldehyde in all territories and chromium VI in cities of Irkutsk and Shelekhov. ICR for workers of basic occupations of studied plants in dozens of times are higher than for the urban population. Priority carcinogens are: chromium VI, nickel, formaldehyde, silicon dioxide -for the aircraft plant employees; 1,2-dichloretan, vinyl chloride - for the workers of vinyl chloride production plant; benzopyrene - for the aluminum smelter workers.
Introduction. The production of primary aluminum is one of the leading and belonging to the category of an increased health hazard for workers in the economy, which requires close attention to working conditions while modernizing production technology. Material and methods. The research methodology included a comprehensive study of working conditions and assessment of priority occupational risk factors, an in-depth study of the morphology, dispersed and component composition of dust and gas components air-suspended at different technologies of electrolysis of aluminum. Results. The leading production factors of occupational risk, degrees are fluorine-containing compounds, dust and gas-aerosol mixtures in the form of separate and assembled into agglomerates micro- and nanostructured particles of complex chemical composition (fluorine, carbon, aluminum, sodium, oxygen, silicon, iron, sulfur, chromium, nickel, etc.), unfavorable microclimate, electromagnetic field, noise, vibration, physical loads, which are related to the 3rd (harmful) class of 1 to 3 degree. Discussion. Modernization of aluminum production with the introduction of technology of pre-baked anodes allows significantly improve working conditions, reduce the admission of harmful chemical substances into the air of the working area, with the exception of hydrofluoride, the concentration of which exceeds extremely permissible levels in 1.5-3.1 times. Noteworthy is the fact of the detection of aerosols of disintegration and condensation, including particles of nanoscale range, impurities of heavy metals in the air. The consequences of the effect of such complex combination mixtures, their combined effects with other factors on the body, can have pronounced negative effects, which is important with adequate exposure analysis and personalized assessment of the health risks of workers engaged in the production of aluminum. Conclusion. Working conditions at workplaces with the technology of self-baking anodes are characterized by moderate or severe professional risk, with the technology of pre-baked anodes - mild or moderate risk, which makes the urgent problem of further improvement of aluminum production technologies, detailed analysis of personal exposures of harmful substances for a correct assessment of the health risk of workers, is relevant.
Introduction. Modern technologies make it possible to significantly reduce the mercury content in the air of the working zone at enterprises with mercury electrolysis. Under these conditions, it is of interest to assess the risks of health disorders, taking into account exposure to mercury loads to justify the etiological role of mercury in the formation of health problems in workers. Material and methods. The studies included the evaluation of the mercury content in the air of the working area for a long period, the assessment of the health of workers on the results of medical examinations and quantitative assessment of the risks of the main general pathological syndromes. Exposure loads of mercury were calculated on the basis of the author’s guidelines and normative-methodical documents. Results. In mercury electrolysis shops significant mercury concentrations (up to 8-20 MACs) were recorded in the period from 1987 to 1992 with the exception of mercury from the technological process, its concentrations do not exceed the hygienic standard. However, in these conditions, the workers were found to have high levels of health risks and morbidity, especially from the neuropsychic sphere, as well as statistically significant relationships between morbidity rates and exposure values of mercury loads. Discussion. In our study, with significantly reduced exposure to mercury, workers remain to be at risk of functional neurological disorders, as well as diseases of the nervous system and mental disorders. Despite the contradictory literature data on the development of neuropsychic effects of mercury in time, in our study, the etiological role of mercury in workers’ health is confirmed by the identification of correlations between the indices of health disorders of the nervous and mental sphere and the duration of work in the occupation, as well as the values of exposure loads by the toxicant. Conclusion. The study made it possible to relate the identified changes in the health status of workers with the accumulated exposure to mercury, as well as to recommend the use of indices of the exposure to chemical loads to justify the relationship of morbidity with the occupation.
The solution of modern problems of occupational health and human ecology not only gives the possibility of implementating measures aimed at improving the health of workers, but also determines the future quality of life of the population. Implementation of basic research focused on the study of the pathogenesis of leading occupational and environmentally related diseases, and the development of scientific and practical measures to improve methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention remain the main activities of the Institute and meet the priorities of the strategy of scientific and technological development of the country and the key objectives of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation from May 7, 2018.The results of long-term studies of the Institute on the infl uence of a number of toxicants (mercury, lead, vinyl chloride and a complex of toxic neurotropic substances formed in fi res) allowed for the fi rst time to develop scientifi c and methodological bases for modeling toxic encephalopathy. Th e features of the formation of violations of bioelectric activity of the brain, revealed violations of metabolic and myogenic mechanisms of regulation of cerebral blood fl ow and elastic-tonic properties of arteries. Studies have allowed to develop a classifi cation of intoxication complex neurotropic toxic substances, methods of predicting their development. Presents a study of possibility of formation in persons with chronic mercury intoxication as an independent professional disease — ophthalmoergonomics. Proved the concept of autoimmunological progressive course occupational toxic encephalopathy. For the fi rst time it was established that silver nanoparticles encapsulated in a natural polymer matrix — arabinogalactan — can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and persist for a long time in the nervous tissue, causing progressive morphological and functional disorders of its cellular and intracellular organization. Th e necessity to develop new methodological approaches to the assessment of safety. An experimental model for the evaluation of neurotoxic properties of nanocomposites has been developed.When studying the eff ect of vibration on the body, it was found that in patients with vibration disease in the post-contact period (aft er the termination of work with a vibration tool), previously formed foci of pathological activity and changes in bioelectric activity with interhemispheric asymmetry persist for a long time. Th e General regularities of changes in the Central aff erent conductive structures and peripheral nerves caused by neurochemical shift s in certain specialized structures of the nervous tissue were establis hed. Th e article presents materials on the impact of industrial emissions on the morbidity of children. When studying the response of the adaptive reactions of the organism to the immune chronic exposure revealed the gradual changes in the indices of immunity.
Background: Thiodiacetic acid (TDAA) is the main metabolite of vinyl chloride (VC) and 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) and its urinary level is correlated with the level of exposure to these chemicals. Objective: To study dynamics of the excretion of TDAA into urine of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production workers. Methods: The study sample consisted of 65 workers of VC and PVC divisions with various time intervals following exposure to the chemicals, 10 shift workers from PVC division, and 34 workers not exposed to the chemicals (control group). Analysis of urinary TDAA was carried out with gas chromatography with mass-selective detector. Results: The concentrations of TDAA in the urine of workers of the VC division and in group of primary occupations who had a high level of exposure to the chemicals, were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of workers of the PVC production division and group of auxiliary professions. The highest levels of TDAA in the urine of workers were found at the beginning of the next shift and during a long break, 24–48 hours after the cessation of the exposure. Conclusion: When conducting biomonitoring studies in PVC production workers, the optimal time for collecting urine samples is at the beginning of the next shift or during a long rest, 24–48 hours after the exposure.
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