All environmental factors influence on the human directly or indirectly. The biggest influence has the outdoor air, which is one of the major health risk factors associated with the environment. The proportion of 9-18 % of the total hazard index of inhalation exposure belongs to formaldehyde, which has a general toxic, sensibilizing and allergic effect. The frequency of allergic rhinitis and asthma in children living in the industrial cities of Eastern Siberia is 28-36 %. The purpose of the study was to assess the individual load of formaldehyde and detection its relationship with teenagers' organism sensitization. The study was carried out on the territory of two industrial cities with high and moderate levels of air pollution. The individual hazard indices of formaldehyde inhalation exposure were calculated for 373 adolescents. The formaldehyde concentration in urine was determined by HPLC method. The leukocyte migration inhibition test to formaldehyde has been studied. The levels of secretory immunoglobulin IgA, total IgE in serum were determined by ELISA technique. The number of eosinophils in nasal mucus was calculated. Individual hazard indices of formaldehyde inhalation exposure were exceeded in all patients. Elevation of formaldehyde concentration in the urine was found in every third adolescent. More than 30 % of the surveyed had a response to the formaldehyde in leukocyte migration inhibition test, which indicates the presence of sensitization to this chemical. About 20 % of students had a combined increase of total IgE levels in the blood and the number of eosinophils in the nasal mucus and more often these cases are marked in the group of adolescents with the lowest indices of formaldehyde exposure. Reduction of the secretory immunoglobulin A was found in the serum of adolescents with increased risk indices of formaldehyde inhalation exposure.

Particular concern at the present stage is the health effects of wildfires’ smoke. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of paternal biomass-smoke exposure on offspring’s behavior and cognitive abilities. Male rats were exposed to biomass smoke for four hours/day, five days/week, for four weeks. Average concentration of carbon monoxide and particulate matter of 2.5 μm PM2.5 in the chamber during exposure were 28.7 ± 5.3 mg/m3 and 1.9 ± 0.5 mg/m3, respectively. At the same time, high concentrations of furfural and acetaldehyde were detected in the air environment of the exposure chambers. Offspring was obtained by mating of experimental males with untreated females, immediately after the end of the exposure and after 60 days (long-term period). Offspring were tested by using the Morris water maze and open field at three months of age. Male and female offspring born by mating immediately after exposure demonstrated decreased exploratory behavior, locomotor activity, and spatial navigation, as well as increased anxiety levels. Locomotor and exploratory activity in rats of both sexes from progeny obtained after long-term exposure to smoke had no statistically significant differences when compared to the control; however, the females showed a high level of anxiety and impaired cognitive functions. The recovery period after biomass-smoke intoxication, comparable in duration of spermatogenesis in rats, was an important factor in reducing the risk of developing central nervous system (CNS) disorders in offspring.

Introduction. The production of primary aluminum is one of the leading and belonging to the category of an increased health hazard for workers in the economy, which requires close attention to working conditions while modernizing production technology. Material and methods. The research methodology included a comprehensive study of working conditions and assessment of priority occupational risk factors, an in-depth study of the morphology, dispersed and component composition of dust and gas components air-suspended at different technologies of electrolysis of aluminum. Results. The leading production factors of occupational risk, degrees are fluorine-containing compounds, dust and gas-aerosol mixtures in the form of separate and assembled into agglomerates micro- and nanostructured particles of complex chemical composition (fluorine, carbon, aluminum, sodium, oxygen, silicon, iron, sulfur, chromium, nickel, etc.), unfavorable microclimate, electromagnetic field, noise, vibration, physical loads, which are related to the 3rd (harmful) class of 1 to 3 degree. Discussion. Modernization of aluminum production with the introduction of technology of pre-baked anodes allows significantly improve working conditions, reduce the admission of harmful chemical substances into the air of the working area, with the exception of hydrofluoride, the concentration of which exceeds extremely permissible levels in 1.5-3.1 times. Noteworthy is the fact of the detection of aerosols of disintegration and condensation, including particles of nanoscale range, impurities of heavy metals in the air. The consequences of the effect of such complex combination mixtures, their combined effects with other factors on the body, can have pronounced negative effects, which is important with adequate exposure analysis and personalized assessment of the health risks of workers engaged in the production of aluminum. Conclusion. Working conditions at workplaces with the technology of self-baking anodes are characterized by moderate or severe professional risk, with the technology of pre-baked anodes - mild or moderate risk, which makes the urgent problem of further improvement of aluminum production technologies, detailed analysis of personal exposures of harmful substances for a correct assessment of the health risk of workers, is relevant.

The paper presents information about the content of benzo(a)pyrene in soil samples of petroleum products and the content of heavy metals (iron, copper, lead, arsenic, manganese, chromium, cadmium and mercury) in the soil and hair samples of children. Soil samples and hair were taken in October 2014 in the north-western part of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. The values obtained were compared with the approximately permissible levels and maximum allowable concentrations adopted in the Russian Federation. Levels are determined compounds in the soil in general do not exceed the allowable concentrations. In hair samples there was noted marked exceeding of the recommended values for zinc, copper, chromium and iron 10%, 16.7%, 83.3% and 100% samples, respectively. The cause of the high iron content in the hair samples may be due to the quality of consumed water, which is characterized by low mineralization and high iron content. Increased chromium content of more than 80% of the hair samples can be caused, as in the case of iron, the quality of water consumed, but also a high proportion of local foods in the diet of people, rich by chromium. A conducted study on the state of the environment in the village, away from areas of hydrocarbon production, indicates to the low importance of anthropogenic impact.

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The solution of modern problems of occupational health and human ecology not only gives the possibility of implementating measures aimed at improving the health of workers, but also determines the future quality of life of the population. Implementation of basic research focused on the study of the pathogenesis of leading occupational and environmentally related diseases, and the development of scientific and practical measures to improve methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention remain the main activities of the Institute and meet the priorities of the strategy of scientific and technological development of the country and the key objectives of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation from May 7, 2018.The results of long-term studies of the Institute on the infl uence of a number of toxicants (mercury, lead, vinyl chloride and a complex of toxic neurotropic substances formed in fi res) allowed for the fi rst time to develop scientifi c and methodological bases for modeling toxic encephalopathy. Th e features of the formation of violations of bioelectric activity of the brain, revealed violations of metabolic and myogenic mechanisms of regulation of cerebral blood fl ow and elastic-tonic properties of arteries. Studies have allowed to develop a classifi cation of intoxication complex neurotropic toxic substances, methods of predicting their development. Presents a study of possibility of formation in persons with chronic mercury intoxication as an independent professional disease — ophthalmoergonomics. Proved the concept of autoimmunological progressive course occupational toxic encephalopathy. For the fi rst time it was established that silver nanoparticles encapsulated in a natural polymer matrix — arabinogalactan — can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and persist for a long time in the nervous tissue, causing progressive morphological and functional disorders of its cellular and intracellular organization. Th e necessity to develop new methodological approaches to the assessment of safety. An experimental model for the evaluation of neurotoxic properties of nanocomposites has been developed.When studying the eff ect of vibration on the body, it was found that in patients with vibration disease in the post-contact period (aft er the termination of work with a vibration tool), previously formed foci of pathological activity and changes in bioelectric activity with interhemispheric asymmetry persist for a long time. Th e General regularities of changes in the Central aff erent conductive structures and peripheral nerves caused by neurochemical shift s in certain specialized structures of the nervous tissue were establis hed. Th e article presents materials on the impact of industrial emissions on the morbidity of children. When studying the response of the adaptive reactions of the organism to the immune chronic exposure revealed the gradual changes in the indices of immunity.

Background: Thiodiacetic acid (TDAA) is the main metabolite of vinyl chloride (VC) and 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) and its urinary level is correlated with the level of exposure to these chemicals. Objective: To study dynamics of the excretion of TDAA into urine of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production workers. Methods: The study sample consisted of 65 workers of VC and PVC divisions with various time intervals following exposure to the chemicals, 10 shift workers from PVC division, and 34 workers not exposed to the chemicals (control group). Analysis of urinary TDAA was carried out with gas chromatography with mass-selective detector. Results: The concentrations of TDAA in the urine of workers of the VC division and in group of primary occupations who had a high level of exposure to the chemicals, were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of workers of the PVC production division and group of auxiliary professions. The highest levels of TDAA in the urine of workers were found at the beginning of the next shift and during a long break, 24–48 hours after the cessation of the exposure. Conclusion: When conducting biomonitoring studies in PVC production workers, the optimal time for collecting urine samples is at the beginning of the next shift or during a long rest, 24–48 hours after the exposure.