Vibration disease is one of the leading in the structure of occupational diseases. A more detailed study of the pathogenesis, expanding the possibilities of diagnosis of vibration disease, is necessary. The aim of the study is to determine the diagnostic value of stabilometry, quantitative sensory testing and neuroenergocarting in vibration disease associated with the combined effects of local and general vibration. Materials and methods. Two groups of patients were examined: with the diagnosis of vibration disease associated with the combined effect of local and general vibration – 50 people (age 48.7 ± 3.1 years), not in contact with vibration – 30 people (age 49.1 ± 2.8 years). The study of the equilibrium function, the determination of the level of the constant potential of the brain by 12 standard leads and the determination of temperature and pain sensitivity. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the software package “Statistica 6.0” (StatSoft Inc., USA). Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results. In vibration disease, the vertical stance of patients is more unstable than in patients with no contact with vibration. In patients with vibration disease, there is a decrease in the threshold of cold sensitivity and an increase in the threshold of thermal sensitivity and thermal pain compared to the control group. According to our data, the increased level of permanent potential in patients with vibration disease is observed in the central (22.7 (12.6; 30.7) mV) and right central (20.4 (11.5; 27.1) mV), also the average level of permanent capacity in this group is increased – 17.1 (8.4; 25.8) mV.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the involvement of the neurosensory complex united by single thalamic and cortical centers in the pathological process and confirm the diagnostic value of the methods used.
The dynamics and structure of the occupational morbidity rate in main branches of the industry in the Eastern Siberia for the 2000-2015 (on the example of the Irkutsk region) is presented in this paper. During the observation period there were noted the significant gain in the number of cases of occupational diseases registered in such different branches of industry as Coal and Lignite Mining, ship and aircraft building, and in some other branches (metallurgical production, air transport, pulp production, electric power distribution industry). In the structure of the occupational morbidity leading positions are occupied by diseases associated with the exposure to physical factors, industrial aerosols, physical overload and overexertion of certain organs and systems. The main reasons and factors contributing to the gain of the occupational morbidity rate are the imperfection of technological processes, working places, personal protective equipment and/or their lack, constructive defects of machines and equipment, the violation of safety regulations, regimen of the work and rest, insufficiently high level of medical and preventive maintenance, delayed making of decisions for the rational employment to the workers with the revealed early forms of occupational diseases. There pointed out priority directions of the prevention the implementation of which will allow to decline the level of the occupational morbidity rate. The main directions are the implementation of economically caused mechanisms of the interest in the preservation of workers ’ health; implementation of the regional aimed programs; the introduction of new processes, equipment and mechanisms meeting modern hygienic requirements; the assessment of occupational risk with the creation and implementation of the system of monitoring for the dynamics of working conditions and the state of the workers ’ health for the making corrective management solutions on the optimization and elevation of the efficacy and relevance of developed and implemented preventive health measures.
The acute and subacute toxicity of a newly synthesized silver selenide nanoparticles encapsulated in a natural polymeric matrix of arabinogalactan study has been studied. The nanocomposite is a promising material for the design of diagnostic and therapeutic drugs. It can also be used for the preparation of fluorescent labels and in thermal oncotherapy. The employment of binary nanocomposites enables one to unveil the potential hidden in metals which constitute these composites. The study of acute toxicity, carried out by the oral administration of nanocomposites at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, has shown that the compound belongs to low-toxic substances of the 5th hazard class. With the subacute oral administration of nanocomposites at a dose of 500 μg/kg, slight changes are observed in the brain tissue and liver of experimental animals, indicating the development of compensatory–adaptive reactions. In the kidneys, the area of the Shumlyansky–Bowman chamber decreases by 40.5% relative to the control group. It is shown that the application of the protective properties of selenium, which is contained in the composite, helps to reduce the toxicity of silver.
Когнитивные нарушения (КН) сопровождают много-численные заболевания головного мозга. При заболева-ниях с преимущественным поражением подкорковых ба-зальных ганглиев (токсические поражения головного мозга, сосудистая мозговая недостаточность) на первый план в клинической картине когнитивных расстройств выходят подкорково-лобные КН в виде изменения пла-нирования и переключения деятельности, снижения ско-рости реакции и умственной работоспособности, импуль-сивного поведения. Такие нарушения обычно сопрово-ждаются симптомами депрессии и неврологическими расстройствами в виде оживления примитивных рефлек-сов, олигобрадикинезии и лобной дисбазии [1,2]. Выде-ляют легкие, умеренные и тяжелые КН. Исторически проблема когнитивных расстройств изучалась преимуще-ственно в рамках деменции, означающей наиболее тяже- Цель исследования -выявление особенностей когнитивных нарушений у пациентов с токсической (ртутная и алкогольная) энцефалопатией. Материал и методы. Обследовали 36 пациентов с хронической ртутной интоксикацией и 30 с хроническим алкоголизмом. В контрольную группу были включены 30 здоровых мужчин репрезентативного возраста, не имеющих контакта с токсическими веществами и не злоупотребляющих алкоголем. Всем пациентам проводилось нейропсихологическое исследование, включающее комплекс нейропсихологической системы по А.Р. Лурия, оценивающий состояние памяти, праксиса, гнозиса и речи. Для диагностики умеренно выраженных когнитивных расстройств использовались тесты MMSE и FAB. Также проводились компьютерная ЭЭГ и исследование когнитивных вызванных потенциалов. Результаты и заключение. Обследование выявило диффузность мозгового поражения при токсической энцефалопатии по результатам как ЭЭГ, так и нейропсихологического обследования. Изменения аналитико-синтетического мышления, слухоречевой, долговременной, зрительной памяти, реципрокной координации, пальцевого гнозиса, импрессивной речи отмечались при ртутной энцефалопатии. Выявлена функциональная недостаточность лобной доли и премоторной области левого полушария при алкогольной энцефалопатии. Ключевые слова: когнитивные нарушения, токсическая энцефалопатия,Objective. To identify features of cognitive impairment in patients with toxic (mercury or alcohol) encephalopathy. Material and methods. The study involved 36 patients with chronic mercury intoxication and 30 people with chronic alcoholism. A control group included 30 age-matched healthy men who were not exposed to toxic substances and alcohol abuse. All patients underwent neuropsychological examination, which involved a set of neuropsychological Luria rated memory status, praxis, gnosis and speeches. MMSE and FAB were used for the diagnosis of moderate cognitive impairment. Computer electroencephalography and cognitive evoked potentials method were used as well. Results and conclusion. The diffuse brain injury in toxic encephalopathy (alcohol and mercury) on EEG, and according to the results of neuropsychological testing was identified. Changes in analytical and synthetic thinking, audio-verbal, long-term, visual memo...
The aim of our investigation was to make a comparative assessment of the biological effects of silver nanoparticles encapsulated in a natural and synthetic polymer matrix. We carried out a comparative assessment of the biological effect of silver nanocomposites on natural (arabinogalactan) and synthetic (poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) matrices. We used 144 three-month-old white outbred male rats, which were divided into six groups. Substances were administered orally for 9 days at a dose 500 μg/kg. Twelve rats from each group were withdrawn from the experiment immediately after nine days of exposure (early period), and the remaining 12 rats were withdrawn from the experiment 6 months after the end of the nine-day exposure (long-term period). We investigated the parietal–temporal area of the cerebral cortex using histological (morphological assessments of nervous tissue), electron microscopic (calculation of mitochondrial areas and assessment of the quality of the cell nucleus), and immunohistochemical methods (study of the expression of proteins regulating apoptosis bcl-2 and caspase 3). We found that the effect of the nanocomposite on the arabinogalactan matrix causes a disturbance in the nervous tissue structure, an increase in the area of mitochondria, a disturbance of the structure of nerve cells, and activation of the process of apoptosis.
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