“…Thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA), the main metabolite of VCM in human urine, is taken as a sensitive biomarker in biological monitoring of VCM exposure, since there is a strong proportional correlation between the content of TDGA excreted in urine and the personal VCM exposure level. ,− Therefore, measurement of the urinary TDGA, as markers of internal dose, is an important way of assessing VCM exposure. To date, some methods such as gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectrography (GC-MS), , isotachophoresis, , voltammetry, capillary electrophoresis, and liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) have been well developed to detect TDGA.…”