The purpose of research is the assessment of the individual cancer risk (ICR) for workers of the basic occupations in key branches of industry of the Irkutsk region. There was executed the calculation of ICR levels for workers of the basic occupations of the aircraft industry, aluminum smelters and vinyl chloride production plants. The estimation of the exposure for workers was carried out according to long-term time-weighted average concentrations in the air of the working area, for the population - on annual average concentrations in the ambient air. To assess the risk that is not associated with the profession, the dose was calculated for the period of life (70 years). When calculating the toxicant doses in the working area there were used the “standard” indices ofpulmonary ventilation for adults, body weight, the work experience in the contact with carcinogens of 30 years, the number of days in the contact of 240, the duration of the working time 8 or 12 hours (in accordance with the working hours) duration. ICR for the Irkutsk population amounted of 3.08E-04, in Shelekhov - 4.8E-05, Sayansk - 1.1E-05. The amount of risk depends on the content offormaldehyde in all territories and chromium VI in cities of Irkutsk and Shelekhov. ICR for workers of basic occupations of studied plants in dozens of times are higher than for the urban population. Priority carcinogens are: chromium VI, nickel, formaldehyde, silicon dioxide -for the aircraft plant employees; 1,2-dichloretan, vinyl chloride - for the workers of vinyl chloride production plant; benzopyrene - for the aluminum smelter workers.
Individual carcinogenic risk (ICR) was assessed in workers of main occupations in aircraft construction industry of East Siberia. Levels of ICR were evaluated for the main occupations workers during 1 to 30 years of service. Th e workers’ exposure was assessed according to longstanding average shift concentrations in the air of workplace, for the population — by average annual concentrations in the ambient air. To evaluate the risk not associated with occupation, the dose was taken for a period of 70 years life. Calculating dose of toxic chemicals in the air of workplace, the authors used “standard” parameters of pulmonary ventilation for adults, weight, days of exposure (240), working time (8 hours as a working day). Individual carcinogenic risk for Irkutsk population equaled 3.0E–04, in Ulan-Ude — 4.8E–04. Th e risk value for the general population is due to formaldehyde and chromium VI. Th e workers of main occupations in enterprises with carcinogenic jeopardy have ICR dozens of times higher than the general urban population. Considering a share in ICR, leading carcinogens for the aircraft construction enterprise workers are: formaldehyde — vulcanizers, chromium and nickel — for other occupations. ICR is considered as unacceptable for occupational groups in 5–15 years aft er starting work under hazardous conditions. Despite high level of ICR, the occupational control incompletely covers monitoring of carcinogens. Existing system of occupational studies fails to disclose etiologic role of occupational factors in occurrence of malignancies.
The dynamics and structure of the occupational morbidity rate in main branches of the industry in the Eastern Siberia for the 2000-2015 (on the example of the Irkutsk region) is presented in this paper. During the observation period there were noted the significant gain in the number of cases of occupational diseases registered in such different branches of industry as Coal and Lignite Mining, ship and aircraft building, and in some other branches (metallurgical production, air transport, pulp production, electric power distribution industry). In the structure of the occupational morbidity leading positions are occupied by diseases associated with the exposure to physical factors, industrial aerosols, physical overload and overexertion of certain organs and systems. The main reasons and factors contributing to the gain of the occupational morbidity rate are the imperfection of technological processes, working places, personal protective equipment and/or their lack, constructive defects of machines and equipment, the violation of safety regulations, regimen of the work and rest, insufficiently high level of medical and preventive maintenance, delayed making of decisions for the rational employment to the workers with the revealed early forms of occupational diseases. There pointed out priority directions of the prevention the implementation of which will allow to decline the level of the occupational morbidity rate. The main directions are the implementation of economically caused mechanisms of the interest in the preservation of workers ’ health; implementation of the regional aimed programs; the introduction of new processes, equipment and mechanisms meeting modern hygienic requirements; the assessment of occupational risk with the creation and implementation of the system of monitoring for the dynamics of working conditions and the state of the workers ’ health for the making corrective management solutions on the optimization and elevation of the efficacy and relevance of developed and implemented preventive health measures.
Introduction. The vibration disease takes one of the leading places in the structure of the occupational morbidity in the Irkutsk region, its specific weight accounted of 21.1-35.9% of all newly revealed cases of occupational diseases in different years. The purpose of the study is to investigate the socio-psychological features and manifestations of the vibration disease clinical syndromes in local vibration-exposed employees in the dynamic of observation. Material and methods. The assessment of working conditions of employees in the aircraft enterprise, a coherent dynamic clinical and sociopsychological examination in employees with the occupational disease which continuing their work was carried out. Results. Working conditions have not been changed; the levels of the occupational and labor process factors have remained the same in the dynamic. Clinical manifestations of vibration disease and neurosensory hearing loss, which is the second (accompanying) occupational disease, were shown to be aggravated in patients continuing to work in contact with local vibration. A significant prevalence of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the circulatory system has been revealed. High levels of the personal and situational anxiety, hypochondriacal traits, instability of emotional state, the rigid stereotype of behavior-oriented to caring about physical well-being are registered in patients. A reduction of health-related quality of life scores characterizing the role of physical and emotional functioning has been established, that indicates the limitations in the performance of daily work due to the deterioration of the emotional state. Discussion. The significant prevalence of diseases of the musculoskeletal and circulatory systems in vibration disease patients is associated with both the irritating effect of the actual vibration and the severity of the work process and significant physical overloads. The study results of the psycho-emotional status, the health-related quality of life in vibration disease patients allow assuming a significant effect of the pain syndrome on the emotional state, decrease of the health-related quality of life, which is consistent with the other authors’ studies. Conclusion. The study results show that it is necessary to remove workers from contact with vibration if the initial manifestations of vibration disease appear. Also, it is necessary to revise approaches to the secondary prevention of vibration disease, which should be aimed at preserving residual work capacity and medical and psychological adaptation of patients.
Introduction. At coal mining enterprises, working conditions are characterized by an aggregate of hazard factors. The literature does not enough provide information on the hygienic assessment of working conditions and the health status of workers in open-pit coal mining. Material and methods. Hygienic assessment of working conditions was performed at the workplaces of the basic occupations of workers employed at the open-pit coal mining. Occupational morbidity (OM) was analyzed for 2000-2019 years. Occupational risks were assessed as with Fine&Kinney method, matrix method, and Guide R 2.2.1766-2003; we also performed a semi-quantitative risk assessment. Results. Equivalent noise levels for a work shift exceeded hygiene standard by up to 4-12.2 dBA; whole-body vibration - up to 12.3 dB; hand-arm vibration - up to 10.9 dB. Coal dust concentrations exceeded MPC by 1.1-3.2 times. According to parameters characterizing hazards, labor hardness, and labor intensity, working conditions correspond to 3.2-3.3 hazard category. Leading place among occupational disease cases occupy vibration disease and sensorineural hearing loss (63.5[48.8-81.5]% 34.3[10.7-46.3]% accordingly). OR for employees of basic occupations is classified as high. Discussion. Results of working conditions and OR assessment are partially consistent with the other authors’ studies. OM structure in the Irkutsk region coal mining differs from the OM in other regions, due to the peculiarities of the technological process, mining, geological and climatic conditions. Conclusion. The results indicate the lack of effectiveness of existing preventive measures and the necessity to develop a set of measures to preserve the workers’ health employed at open-pit coal mining.
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