Formulasi dan uji efektivitas antioksidan krim ekstrak etanol daun botto'-botto' (chromolaena odorata l.
BACKGROUND: Yarrow extract (Achillea millefolium) is recognized to have powerful antioxidants that protect the skin from free radical damage, skin whitening, and anti-aging properties. As a result, the application of antioxidants on the skin can be packaged into a peel-off gel mask preparation for face skin care. AIM: The goal of this study is to see how different concentrations of PVA and HPMC as film-forming and gelling agents affect the quality of peel-off gel masks made from ethanol extract of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) as an antiaging ingredient. METHODS: In order to obtain 5 formulas that will be made into preparations and evaluate the quality of the preparations, this research method uses quantitative analysis methods and statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA by varying the concentrations of PVA (7-10%) and HPMC (2-4%) in order to obtain 5 formulas that will be made into preparations and evaluated the quality of the preparations. Organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, syneresis, skin irritation, viscosity, spreadability, and drying time of the mask were all evaluated. RESULT: The results of the experiment with different concentrations of PVA and HPMC enhanced dispersion and drying time, but had no effect on the viscosity value decrease. CONCLUCION: The quality of the peel off gel mask prepared from the ethanol extract of Yarrow was significantly affected by PVA and HPMC concentrations (p<0.05).
Pengawasan atas Notaris dilakukan oleh Menteri dalam melaksanakan pengawasan, menteri membentuk Majelis Pengawas, Majelis Pengawas berjumlah 9 (Sembilan) orang terdiri atas unsur pemerintah sebanyak 3 (Tiga) orang, Organisasi Notaris sebanyak 3 (Tiga) orang dan ahli atau akedemisi sebanyak 3 (Tiga) orang. Pengawas terhadap notaris meliputi perilaku notaris dan pelaksanaan jabatan notaris yang diatur dalam pasal 67 Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang jabatan notaris. Berdasarkan aturan pasal 70 (a) Tentang Majelis Pengawasan Daerah (MPD) berwenang menyelenggarakan sidang untuk memeriksa adanya dugaan pelanggaran kode etik atau pelanggaran pelaksanaan jabatan notaris. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Yuridis Empris.Supervision towards notaries is conducted by a Minister by foundingsupervisory council which consists of 9 members; 3 are from the government agency; 3 are from the notary agency;and 3 other are from experts or academics. The supervision includes the notaries’ attitude and how the notaries conduct their duties which are regulated in Article 67 of Law No.30 of 2004 and Law No.2 of 2014 about notary position. Based on the regulation in article 70 (a) about Regional Supervisory Council mentions that this council is authorized to hold a meeting to investigate if there are any suspicions about codes of ethics violations or the violation towards notary duties. The type of this study is a Juridical Empirical.
Pasal 21 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 menyatakan bahwa orang asing yang sudah berlakunya Undang-undang ini memperoleh hak milik karena pewarisan tanpa wasiat atau percampuran harta karena perkawinan, demikian pula warga negara indonesia yang mempunyai hak milik dan setelah berlakunya undang-undang ini kehilangan kewarga-negaraannya wajib melepaskan hak itu didalam jangka waktu satu tahun sejak diperolehnya hak tersebut atau hilangnya kewarga-negaraan itu. Jika sesudah jangka waktu tersebut lampau hak milik tidak dilepaskan, maka hak tersebut hapus karena hukum dan tanahnya jatuh pada negara, dengan ketentuan bahwa hak-hak pihak lain yang membebaninya tetap berlangsung. Namun dalam kenyataannya hak-hak milik tersebut ada yang belum dilepas oleh WNA. Article 21 paragraph (3) of Law No. 5 of 1960 about foreigners who already enactment of this Act property rights because inheritance without a will or an engaging treasure because marriage, as well as citizens of Indonesia who have owned and after the enactment this Act lost his citizenship was obliged to relinquish rights within a period of one year from obtaining such rights or loss that citizenship. If after that time period past the property are not removed, then the right remove because of the law and the land falls on the state, provided that the rights of other parties which encumber still persists. However, in fact the property rights there is still not released by the WNA.
Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran biologi kartu kuartet yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model 4-D Thiagarajan (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate). Subjek penelitiannya adalah peserta didik kelas XI MA As-Shalihin Gowa, pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi, angket respons, dan tes hasil belajar peserta didik. Teknik pengolahan dan analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data kevalidan, analisis data kepraktisan, dan analisis data keefektifan. Berdasarkan penilaian dari validator ahli, tingkat kevalidan media kartu kuartet yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini yaitu valid dengan nilai rata-rata akhir 3,73, adapun tingkat kepraktisan dalam kategori sangat positif yang diperoleh dari angket respons guru dan angket respons peserta didik yaitu 3,86, sedangkan pada tingkat keefektifan diperoleh persentase ketuntasan belajar peserta didik sebanyak 81,82%, yang menunjukkan bahwa media kartu kuartet efektif untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran biologi.
Kayu Jawa (Lannea cormendalica (Houtt.) Merr.) is native Indonesia plant, which became a typical plant for the treatment of wounds, dysentery, and other infectious diseases in some regions in Indonesia. An effort to explore of active compounds in medicinal plants in Indonesia, had tested the antimicrobial activity of the fraction Kayu Jawa cortex (Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr). This study aims to determine the polarity of compounds which can provide the best inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella thypi, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Vibrio sp. and Candida albicans. Extraction of Kayu Jawa cortex done by maceration method with solvent n-hexane and methanol. Antimicrobial activity for total extracts was tested with TLC-Autobiographical and fractions of extract with best antimicrobial activity were tested by agar diffusion method. Fractionation conducted with Vacum-Liquid Chromatography (KCV) method with conditioned eluent from a solvent mixture of ethyl acetate:methanol and n-hexane:ethyl acetate. Determination of the class of active compounds done using a spray reagent. The results showed that the methanol extract and n-hexane extract inhibited the growth of bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella thypi. The fraction I of methanol extract at Rf 0.64 and fraction I extract n-hexane at Rf 0.02 showed antibacterial effectiveness for Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi and showed strong inhibition at concentrations 500-750 ppm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The chemical components of the Kayu Jawa cortex (Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.), which acts as an antimicrobial included in the class of flavonoids.
This study aims to develop a measurement tool for students' understanding, application and mathematical reasoning ability at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah in South Sulawesi. This research is a formative research type of Research and Development (RD) research through 4 (four) stages, namely: the preliminary stage; the stage of self evaluation (curriculum analysis, material, students) and design; prototyping stage (validation, evaluation and revision) which includes expert reviews, one-to-one and small groups; and the feld test stage. The product of this research was an assessment instrument in the form of questions that measured the ability of understanding, application, and mathematical reasoning of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students. The test subjects in this study were fourth grade MI students in Makassar City, Gowa regency, and Sinjai regency. The results of the content validity based on the rater indicated that the test items needed were declared valid after being assessed by the rater and analyzed using the CVR (Content Validity Ratio) and CVI (Content Validity Index). In the reliability test, the results of the analysis conducted for multiple choice questions and the contents were in the category of "high" which means that the measurement tools for comprehension, application, and reasoning were indicated to be reliable.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat ukur kemampuan pemahaman, apÂlikasi, dan penalaran matematika siswa pada Madrasah Ibtidaiyah di Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian Research and Development (R D) tipe formative reÂsearch melalui 4 (empat) tahap yaitu: tahap preliminary; tahap self evaluation (analisis kurikuÂlum, materi, siswa) dan design; tahap prototyping (validasi, evaluasi dan revisi) yang meliÂputi expert reviews, one-to-one dan small group; dan tahap feld test (uji coba lapangan). Produk penelitian ini adalah instrument penilaian berupa soal-soal yang akan mengukur kemamÂpuan pemahaman, aplikasi, dan penalaran matematika siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Subjek uji coba pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV MI di Kota Makassar, Kab. Gowa, dan Kab. Sinjai. Hasil validitas isi (Content validity) berdasarkan rater menunjukkan bahwa butir-butir tes yang dibut dinyatakan valid setelah dinilai oleh rater dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan CVR (Content Validity Rasio) dan CVI (Content Validity Indeks). Pada uji reliabiliÂtas, alat ukur kemampuan pemahaman, aplikasi, dan penalaran dikatakan reliabel.
This paper uses a juridical empirical research method. Juridical research is using a statutory approach, namely Qanun/Perda (das sollen), while empirical research uses a field approach (das sein) by conducting direct interviews with parking attendants and parking retribution users. This study aims to understand and determine the responsibility of parking attendants on the edge of public roads in collecting retribution and applying sanctions to irresponsible parking attendants on the edge of public roads. The results of the study show that the parking attendant is required to use the official clothes/vest provided by the Banda Aceh City Transportation Service, the parking attendant at the time of collecting the parking fee is required to submit a coupon to the user of the retribution service as proof of the parking levy collection and the parking attendant is obliged to submit the levy result to the Banda City Government Aceh through the Quotation Officer assigned in accordance with the provisions that have been set, but if the parking attendant does not carry out his obligations, he will be given a sanction in the form of cancellation of the Management Agreement for the Collection of Parking Retribution. By submitting the coupon as proof of payment of the parking fee, the user of the levy service will count the number of vehicles entering and leaving. Keywords: Accountability; Retribution; Parking.AbstrakTulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian yang bersifat yuridis empiris. Penelitian yuridis adalah menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan yaitu Qanun/Perda (das sollen), sedangkan penelitian empiris menggunakan pendekatan lapangan (das sein) dengan melakukan wawancara langsung terhadap Juru Parkir dan pengguna retribusi parkir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan mengetahui pertanggungjawaban Juru Parkir di tepi jalan umum dalam pemungutan retribusi dan penerapan sanksi terhadap Juru Parkir di tepi jalan umum yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Hasil penelitian bahwa Juru Parkir wajib menggunakan pakaian/rompi resmi yang diberikan oleh Dinas Perhubungan Kota Banda Aceh, Juru Parkir pada saat memungut retribusi parkir wajib menyerahkan kupon kepada pengguna jasa retribusi sebagai bukti pungutan retribusi parkir dan Juru Parkir wajib menyerahkan hasil retribusi kepada Pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh melalui Juru Kutip yang ditugaskan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang telah ditetapkan, namum apabila Juru Parkir tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya maka akan diberikan sanksi berupa pembatalan Surat Perjanjian Tata Kelola Pemungutan Retribusi Parkir. Dengan diserahkannya kupon sebagai tanda bukti pembayaran retribusi parkir maka pengguna jasa retribusi akan terhitung jumlah kendaraan yang masuk dan keluar.Kata Kunci: Pertanggungjawaban; Retribusi; Parkir.
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