The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of BCG vaccination on phagocyte activity and ROI secretion in cat peritoneum macrophages which infected with M.tuberculosis. The experiment used twenty four healthy cats. The animals were divided in 2 groups, 12 cats in each group. Group I were vaccinated with BCG, group II were control group which unvaccinated. BCG vaccination was done twice in two weeks interval. Two days after vaccination each cat was infected by 10 5 cfu M.tuberculosis intraperitoneally. The activity of macrophages were measured at 1 st , 2 nd , 12 th , and 24 th , after infection using in vitro latex bead phagocyte and NBT reduction assay. Three cats were used to measure the macrophage activity in each period, using triplicate sample for each cat. The results of the experiment showed that the phagocyte activity and ROI secretion increased significantly in vaccination group (P<0.01) compared with the control group, and these activities reached to the plateau level at 2 weeks after infection. Although these enhanced activities were gradually diminished thereafter, higher levels of these activities were consistently observed until the end of experiment compared with control group. BCG vaccination increased the cellular immunity especially phagocyte and ROI secretion activities of peritoneual macrophages in cat infected with M.tuberculosis
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global concern, and is caused by pathogenic serovar Leptospira interrogans. Canine Leptospirososis is widespread worldwide, dogs can act as incidental hosts or maintenance hosts for various serovars. The purpose of this research was to identify leptospire serovars that infect healthy and suspected leptospirosis dogs in Yogyakarta. A total of 56 dogs (36 healthy dogs and 20 suspect leptospirosis dogs) sera were taken from cephalica vein as much as 3 ml. Sera were examined for leptospirosis with Microscopic Aglutination Test (MAT) which conducted at the Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor. Microscopic Aglutination Test carried out on various Leptospire serovar, namely: Ichterohaemorrhagiae, Javanica, Celledoni, Ballum, Pyogenes, Cynopeteri, Rachmati, Australis, Pomona, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Bataviae, Hardjo, and Tarrasovi. The results showed that Celledoni serovars infected 25% of healthy dogs and 5% of suspect leptospirosis dogs, Javanica serovar infected 19% of healthy dogs, Bataviae serovars infected 15% of suspect leptospirosis dogs, Grippotyphosa serovar infected 11% of healthy dogs, Tarrasovi serovar infected 10% of suspect leptospirosis dogs, serovars Cynopteri infects 5% of healthy dogs and 5% of suspect leptospirosis dogs, serovar Pyrogenes infects 5% of healthy dogs and 5% of suspect leptospirosis dogs, and serovar Rachmati infects 5% of suspect leptospirosis dogs. Seven healthy dogs (19%) and 2 suspect leptospirosis dogs (10%) were infected with more than 2 leptospire serovars. From the results of this study it can be concluded that Celledoni serovar of Leptospira interrogans infection causes subclinical leptospirosis, while Bataviae serovar infection causes clinical leptospirosis in dogs in Yogyakarta.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors Dirofilariaimmitis (D. immitis) infection in dogs slaughtered in Yogyakarta. A total of 151 dogs that were slaughtered from May – November 2013 were examined their heart in order to determine the presence of D. immitis infection. Blood samples were tested using Modified Knott’s Technique for microfilariae examination. The results showed that based on the heart and blood examination the prevalence of D. immitis infection was 14.6 % and 7.9 %, respectively. The risk factors for D. immitis infection were the age and origin of the dog.
Anaplasma platys is a tick-borne, Gram-negative bacterium that causes anaplasmosis, a companion vector-borne disease impacting dogs. Information on this disease remains limited in Indonesia. Its symptoms are not specific, so molecular analysis is required for a rapid and accurate diagnosis. GroEL is an essential gene commonly used for classification and species identification of many groups of bacteria, including Anaplasma spp. In this study, a molecular diagnosis of anaplasmosis based on the groEL gene sequence was conducted using PCR. In addition, the genetic diversity of Anaplasma platys in infected dogs was determined. Blood samples were collected from 51 dogs suspected of anaplasmosis from Prof. Dr. Soeparwi Animal Hospital, animal clinics, and pet shops in the Yogyakarta area, Indonesia, based on anamnesis, histories of tick infestations, and clinical symptom examinations. DNA extraction and PCR targeting the groEL gene were performed, followed by sequencing. Phylogenetic tree analysis and construction were carried out using the BLAST and MEGA programs. Positive PCR sample results (amplicon length of 624 bp) were found in 6 of 51 dogs. Samples A1 (KHJ/C2), A2 (KHJ/A2), A3 (KSK/L), A4 (KHJ/L), and A5 (KNP/M2) had close ties to Anaplasma platys (AF478129.1) from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed a very high homology value (100%) and bootstrap value of 100%. It can be concluded that there was no genetic diversity in the Anaplasma platys found in infected dogs in the Yogyakarta area.
Early diagnosis is one of the important methods to control tuberculosis because this disease is zoonotic which easily spread through the air. Early detection of tuberculosis in dog is also very important since dog as pet animal have a potency to transfer the disease to human or other animals. The discovery of two specific M.tuberculosis antigens, ESAT06 and CFP-10, provide the opportunity to develop a specific diagnostic kit for tuberculosis by using ELISA based on the secretion of IFN-γ. The development of a tuberculosis diagnostic kit based on this molecular biology and immunological method would provide a good alternative method to detect tuberculosis specially, accurately as early as possible. The result of this experiment would provide contribution for the development of health science and technology, especially in the eradication of tuberculosis.
The aim of this experiment is to study the effect of BCG vaccination on phagocyte activity and ROI secretion in cat peritoneum macrophages which infected with M.tuberculosis. The experiment used twenty four healthy cats. The animals were divided in 2 groups, 12 cats in each group. Group I were vaccinated with BCG, group II were control group which unvaccinated. BCG vaccination was done twice in two weeks interval. Two days after vaccination each cat was infected by 105 cfu M.tuberculosis intraperitoneally. The activity of macrophages were measured at 1st, 2nd, 12th, and 24th, after infection using in vitro latex bead phagocyte and NBT reduction assay. Three cats were used to measure the macrophage activity in each period, using triplicate sample for each cat. The results of the experiment showed that the phagocyte activity and ROI secretion increased significantly in vaccination group (P<0.01) compared with the control group, and these activities reached to the plateau level at 2 weeks after infection. Although these enhanced activities were gradually diminished thereafter, higher levels of these activities were consistently observed until the end of experiment compared with control group. BCG vaccination increased the cellular immunity especially phagocyte and ROI secretion activities of peritoneual macrophages in cat infected with M.tuberculosis
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