Obesity is not concerned as specific congenital disorder or derived lipid metabolism disorder recently, but more to body inability to handle the increase of nutrition intake caused by behavioral changes. Langerhans Islet is a section in the PENDAHULUANObesitas mulai menjadi masalah kesehatan di seluruh dunia. Perubahan sosial dan transisi gizi pada negara-negara maju dan berkembang termasuk Indonesia telah mendorong epidemi obesitas selama beberapa dekade terakhir. Pertumbuhan ekonomi, modernisasi, urbanisasi, dan globalisasi pasar makanan adalah beberapa elemen yang telah memberikan kontribusi terhadap epidemi obesitas (Kanasaki dan Koya, 2011). Kondisi ini juga terjadi pada hewan kesayangan seperti anjing jenis Labrador retriever, Terrier cairn dan Beagles yang dilaporkan sering mengalami obesitas (Manens et al., 2012).Gangguan hemostatis energi yang berasal dari predisposisi genetik bisa mempromotori obesitas (Martyn et al., 2008). Penelitian tentang pengaruh obesitas pada hewan genetic obese melalui mutasi gen seperti ob/ob mice, db/dbmouse, Zunker fa/fa rat dan BSB mouse sudah banyak dilakukan (Vicker et al., 2011;Slavin et al., 2010). Obesitas baru-baru ini tidak dianggap sebagai kelainan kongenital spesifik atau kelainan turunan terhadap metabolisme lipid, tetapi lebih kepada ketidakmampuan tubuh dalam mengatasi tingginya asupan nutrisi akibat perubahan gaya hidup (Martyn et al., 2008). Kalori yang berlebih diketahui menjadi salah satu promotor terjadinya obesitas. Pemberian diet tinggi lemak (50%) dan karbohidrat (65%) pada hewan non-genetic obese dapat mencerminkan pola asupan nutrisi sosial modern selama dua dekade terakhir yang memberikan kontribusi utama terhadap epidemi obesitas (Dourmashkin et al., 2005; Wang dan Liao, 2012). Diet lemak memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap berat badan, hiperfagia, dan penumpukan lemak di dalam tubuh. Pemberian diet tinggi lemak menyebabkan peningkatan sirkulasi leptin, insulin, trigliserida, dan glukosa yang berefek pada aktivitas lipoprotein lipase dalam jaringan lemak yang meningkatkan uptake lemak serta menurunkan pengeluaran energi, aktivitas nervus simpatetik dan oksidasi karbohidrat di otot. Kelebihan asupan karbohidrat juga berkontribusi menyebabkan obesitas dengan stimulasi sekresi insulin (Dourmashkin et al., 2005).Pankreas merupakan campuran dari kelenjar eksokrin dan endokrin. Bagian eksokrin berfungsi untuk mensekresikan ion-ion, enzim, dan proenzim seperti tripsinogen, kimotripsinogen, karboksipeptidase, ribonuklease, deoksiribonuklease, lipase, dan amilase. Bagian endokrin menghasilkan homon insulin, glukagon, dan pankreas polipeptida yang erat
Objective To disseminate the portable sequencer MinION in developing countries for the main purpose of battling infectious diseases, we found a consortium called Global Research Alliance in Infectious Diseases (GRAID). By holding and inviting researchers both from developed and developing countries, we aim to train the participants with MinION’s operations and foster a collaboration in infectious diseases researches. As a real-life example in which resources are limited, we describe here a result from a training course, a metagenomics analysis from two blood samples collected from a routine cattle surveillance in Kulan Progo District, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia in 2019. Results One of the samples was successfully sequenced with enough sequencing yield for further analysis. After depleting the reads mapped to host DNA, the remaining reads were shown to map to Theileria orientalis using BLAST and OneCodex. Although the reads were also mapped to Clostridium botulinum, those were found to be artifacts derived from the cow genome. An effort to construct a consensus sequence was successful using a reference-based approach with Pomoxis. Hence, we concluded that the asymptomatic cow might be infected with T. orientalis and showed the usefulness of sequencing technology, specifically the MinION platform, in a developing country.
The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the combination of mix culture bacteria (EM4®:E) and fungi (<em>Trichoderma viridae</em>:TV) on physical quality and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters of peanut hull-based feed supplements. Basal feed was divided into four treatments, which were: P0 (BF); P1 (E:25%+TV:75%); P2 (E:50%+TV:50%),; and P3 (E:75%+TV:25%); and each treatment had three replications. Feeds were fermented facultative anaerobically for nine days. The observed parameters were physical qualities (color, odor, fungi appearance and pH), and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters (rumen pH, microbial protein content, and total volatile fatty acid content). Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA design, and the significance of differences were tested using Kruskall-Wallis test for the physical qualities data and Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test for in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Results showed that the combination of E and TV at different level did not affect odor and the fungi appearance parameters (P≥0.05), however, it significantly affected P≤0.05) color change from blackish (1.64) in P0 to brownish in P1, P2 and P3 of 2.44; 2.69; and 2.80, respectively. The pH also decreased significantly (P≤0.05) by 10.67%. Treatment also did not affect the rumen pH, microbial protein content, and total volatile fatty acid content (P≥0.05). It is concluded that the combination of the EM4® 25%: <em>Trichoderma viridae</em> 75% on peanut-hull based feed supplement fermentation gives the best result on color and pH fermented feed product without affecting the rumen fermentation process.
Gout can cause inflammation of acute gout arthtritis, as well as other complications. Provision of chemical drugs in the long term have side effects. Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) contain flavonoids which can inhibit the xanthine oxidase enzyme, so as to reduce uric acid levels. Red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) is rich in gingerol to reduce uric acid with anti-inflammatory effect. Polyberbal combination is expected to increase the effectiveness of therapy. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of polyherbal combinations. 25 male rats (2-3 months) were divided into five groups, namely negative control, positive control, (P1) 25% red ginger extract: 75% shallot, (P2) 50% red ginger extract: 50% shallot, ( P3) 75% red ginger extract: 25% shallot. Induction of potassium oxonate 250 mg / kg BW intraperitoneally on the 7th day. The first measurement of uric acid on the 14th day with Urid Acid Toos, the 15th to 28th days was administered herbal / chemical drugs according to the group. Measurement of second and third uric acid on days 21 and 28. Data were analyzed by one-way Anova (RAL), further significance tests using Least Significant Different (LSD). The results showed that administration of potassium oxonate and combination of herbal extracts had a significant effect (p <0.05) on uric acid levels in all groups. The most effective herbal combination doses are (P3) 75% red ginger (450 mg / 200 gr) and 25% shallot (150 mg / 200 gr BW). The conclusion of this study is the combination of red ginger extract and shallot can be recommended as a uric acid-lowering agent.
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