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ObjectiveStreptococcus suis (S. suis) is a causative agent for various syndromes in pigs. It can be transmitted to humans with typical symptoms of meningitis and death. Although human infections have been confirmed at Bali Referral Hospital, Indonesia, since 2014, the bacteria have not been isolated from pigs. Here, we provide confirmation of the presence of the bacteria in sick pigs in the province.ResultsStreptococcus suis was confirmed in 8 of 30 cases. The final confirmation was made using PCR and sequencing of the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and recombination/repair protein (recN) gene fragments. Upon PCR serotyping, two were confirmed to be serotype 2 or 1/2. Prominent histopathological lesions of confirmed cases were meningitis, endocarditis, pericarditis, bronchopneumonia, enteritis and glomerulonephritis. The dominant inflammatory cells were neutrophils and macrophages. Further research is needed to understand the risk factors for human infection. Community awareness on the risk of contracting S. suis and vaccine development are needed to prevent human infections.

This study aims to prove that the Moringa leaf extract can improve renal histological structure of diabetic Wistar rats. Wistar rats were divided into six groups, so that each group has four replications. K1 as the positive control was not given the extract, K2 was administered the extract dose 100 mg/kg, K3 was administered the extract dose 200 mg/kg, K4 was administered the extract dose 300 mg/kg, K5 was administered the extract dose 400 mg/kg, K6 was administered the extract dose 500 mg/kg. The administrations of extract were held for five weeks. Rats then sacrificed and the kidneys were taken for the histopathology preparations with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining (HE). The observations indicate fatty degeneration and necrosis of the kidneys. Kruskal Wallis test results of all treatments showed p = 0.001 in both fatty degeneration and necrosis (p <0.05).

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian parasetamol dosis toksik mempengaruhi histopatologi ginjal dan mengetahui efek sarang semut terhadap efek protektif terhadap ginjal tikus putih yang diberikan parasetamol dosis toksik. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor tikus putih jantan yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan, yaitu kelompok kontrol P0 tanpa perlakuan, kelompok perlakuan P1 diberi parasetamol dosis 250 mg/kgBB, kelompok perlakuan P2 diberi parasetamol dosis 250 mg/kgBB ditambah sarang semut dosis 250 mg/kgBB, perlakuan P3 diberikan sarang semut 250 mg/kgBB selama tujuh hari setelah itu diberikan ekstrak sarang semut dan parasetamol dosis 250 mg/kgBB. Parasetamol dan ekstrak sarang semut diberikan secara oral selama sepuluh hari. Setelah itu dilakukan nekropsi dan organ ginjal diambil secara aseptik untuk pembuatan preparat histopatologi dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin dan Eosin. Variabel yang diperiksa adalah kongesti, pendarahan, nekrosis dan radang. Dari hasil pemeriksaan didapat hasil kerusakan ginjal berupa kengesti, pendarahan, nekrosis dan radang. Uji Kruskall-Wallis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna pada rerata kongesti, pendarahan, nekrosis, dan radang dari kelompok yang diuji. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa parasetamol dosis 250 mg/kgBB dapat menyebabkan kerusakan ginjal. Sarang semut dosis 250 mg/kgBB mampu memperbaiki kerusakan jaringan ginjal

Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) is threatening industry and backyard Muscovy duck poultry throughout the world. Here, we confirmed its presence in Indonesia for the first time. The outbreak described in this study occurred in a small fatty liver (French: foie gras) industry in Tabanan, Bali, and affected ducklings aged 2-3 weeks. Although older Muscovy ducks were present at the facility, they did not present signs of illness. Among the ducklings, the morbidity and mortality rates were 100% and 90%, respectively. The initial incidence began on 15 June 2014 and ended a month later. It reoccurred in January 2015. Clinical signs were lethargy, anorexia, watery diarrhoea, and dyspnea. The most frequent pathological lesions were cardiac enlargement with pale pericardia, haemorrhage, and enlargement of the liver. Dominant histopathology features were severe enteritis, epicarditis, and hepatitis. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and published primer pairs NS1/REP and VP1, MDPV infection was confirmed with whole DNA isolated from the heart and liver homogenates. Sequencing of the PCR products resulted in 900 bp NS1/REP and 1200 bp VP1 fragments specific to MDPV. The virus sequences from the two separated incidences were completely homologous with one another. Now that MDPV has been detected in Indonesia, it should be included in the differential diagnosis when evaluating ducklings with MDPV-associated symptoms.

This study aims to determine the pathological changes in dog suspected of being infected by Leptospira spp. This research used a retrospective study design.  A total of 210 canines sample were examined at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine The Udayana of University between January 2008 to January 2010. Of the 210 specimens, five canines with clinical sign anorexia, fever, vomiting, polyurea, dyspnea and only one are noted icteric in the sclera. Macroscopically : the anemic to petechial haemorrhagis  was find in pulmo, icterus in liver with gall blader distention, kidney swollen with black color in hillus, spleen rather swollen with black color on end and mild hemorrhagis on intentines. The infected organ is inserted into a pot filled with neutral buffer formalin 10%. Then stained with haematoxyllin-eosin for the microscopic preparation. Microscopic examimination revealed  the presence of spiral bacterial cells on the necrotic liver and kidneys tissue.  Infiltration neutrophils and macrophages was also find in pulmonary and spleen tissue.  Besided that intertubuler edematous were also observed under  microscopic examination. It can be concluded changes associated with Leptospira spp infection can be found in liver and kidney tissue with changes such as necrosis, proliferation of kuffer cells and intertubular edematous.

Innards parts are more widely consumed by the public than the muscle parts, or more commonly known as beef. People are aware that the innards contain a lot of cholesterol, but they do not aware about the content of heavy metal lead. This research aims to study lead contamination levels in offal and beef muscle contaminated with lead. A total of five cows with known lead contamination were slaughtered to be examined for the levels of lead. Viscera taken part including the liver, lungs and intestines, which are the commonly consumed part. While the muscle tissues taken were from the costae muscles, which is the tissues with the most blood flow. Level of lead contamination in the innards and muscle tissues were checked using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The result of the examination was obtained as such: liver = 0.76 ± 0.25 ppm; lung = 1.11 ± 0.08 ppm; intestinal = 0.90 ± 0.29 ppm; and muscle tissues = 0.69 ± 0.13 ppm respectively. It was found that the innards contain more lead than the muscle tissues. It is concluded that the muscle part is safer for consumption than in the innards. It is also suggested that there are the needs for random checks in beef and the innards sold in the market, especially for the presence of lead contamination.

Penyakit tetelo atau Newcastle disease (ND) adalah penyakit pada unggas yang disebabkan oleh virus dari familia Paramyxoviridae genus Avulavirus. Strain virulen menimbulkan gangguan pada sistem saraf, pencernaan dan pernafasan unggas, sementara pada embrio ayam infeksi menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan hingga menimbulkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari virus Avian Paramyxovirus Tipe-1 (APMV-1) isolat Gianyar-1/AK/2014 terhadap perubahan histopatologi embrio ayam. Penelitian ini menggunakan tujuh butir telur ayam berembrio (TAB) berumur 11 hari yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok perlakuan yakni kelompok kontrol sebanyak dua butir dan kelompok infektif sebanyak lima butir. Kelompok kontrol diinokulasi dengan Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) dan kelompok infektif diinokulasi dengan isolat APMV-1 G1/AK/2014. Dilakukan pengamatan sampai embrio mati, lalu cairan alantois dikoleksi. Cairan alantois yang diperoleh diuji dengan uji hemaglutination assay (HA) dan hemaglutination inhibition (HI). Embrio ayam dinekropsi untuk diambil organ otak, paru-paru, usus, jantung dan hati dan dimasukkan ke dalam  Neutral Buffer Formaline 10% (NBF), selanjutnya diproses lalu diwarnai dengan Hematoxilin Eosin (HE). Lesi histopatologi diamati di bawah mikroskop dan hasil pengamatan disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan isolat APMV-1 G1/AK/2014 dapat mematikan embrio 48 jam pascainokulasi serta menimbulkan perubahan histopatologi dominan berupa kongesti, edema, hemoragi, degenerasi, nekrosis, peradangan pada organ otak, paru-paru, jantung, hati dan usus embrio.