Muscovy Duck Parvovirus Infection with Epicarditis in Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) is threatening industry and backyard Muscovy duck poultry throughout the world. Here, we confirmed its presence in Indonesia for the first time. The outbreak described in this study occurred in a small fatty liver (French: foie gras) industry in Tabanan, Bali, and affected ducklings aged 2-3 weeks. Although older Muscovy ducks were present at the facility, they did not present signs of illness. Among the ducklings, the morbidity and mortality rates were 100% and 90%, respectively. The initial incidence began on 15 June 2014 and ended a month later. It reoccurred in January 2015. Clinical signs were lethargy, anorexia, watery diarrhoea, and dyspnea. The most frequent pathological lesions were cardiac enlargement with pale pericardia, haemorrhage, and enlargement of the liver. Dominant histopathology features were severe enteritis, epicarditis, and hepatitis. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and published primer pairs NS1/REP and VP1, MDPV infection was confirmed with whole DNA isolated from the heart and liver homogenates. Sequencing of the PCR products resulted in 900 bp NS1/REP and 1200 bp VP1 fragments specific to MDPV. The virus sequences from the two separated incidences were completely homologous with one another. Now that MDPV has been detected in Indonesia, it should be included in the differential diagnosis when evaluating ducklings with MDPV-associated symptoms.

Phát Hiện Parvovirus Gây Bệnh Rụt Mỏ Và Đặc Điểm Bệnh Lý Lâm Sàng Ở Thủy Cầm Mắc Bệnh Tại Một Số Tỉnh Phía Bắc

“…Bệnh xảy ra tùy thuộc vào lứa tuổi: ngỗng, ngan dưới 1 tuần tuổi, tỷ lệ chết lên đến 100%; ngỗng, ngan từ 4 -5 tuần tuổi tuy tỷ lệ mắc cao nhưng tỷ lệ chết không đáng kể (dưới 10%; nhưng nếu bị kế phát các bệnh do vi khuẩn hoặc điều kiện vệ sinh môi trường kém, tỷ lệ chết sẽ tăng cao) [3], [4]. Mặc dù ngỗng và ngan lớn hơn không biểu hiện triệu chứng lâm sàng của bệnh nhưng có đáp ứng miễn dịch.…”

“…Bệnh do parvovirus ở thủy cầm được ghi nhận ở nhiều nước nuôi ngỗng và ngan ở châu Âu và châu Á, Mĩ [2], [6]. Chứng ngắn mỏ vịt được thông báo có ở Pháp, Ba Lan, Đài Loan, Trung Quốc [1], [3], [5], [7].…”

Microbiological and pathological studies of concurrent infections associated with retarded growth in broilers at Behira governorate

“…AAV is a non-enveloped virus with a diameter of 20 to 25 nm and a 4.7 kb ss DNA genome with equal plus and minus polarity. (Berns and Adler, 1972;Mayor et al 1969) Muscovy duck parvovirus caused multiple pathological lesions included necrotic hepatitis, enteritis , epicarditis and intranuclear inclusion bodies within myocardial tissue (Mahardika et al 2015;Poonia et al 2006), and similar pathological alterations in addition to skeletal muscle fiber degeneration were observed in duckling infected with GPV (Ning et al, 2017).Spleen, lung, cecum and brain necrosis, as well as, erosion of the villus tips of the intestine were recorded in cherry valley ducks infected with duck-origin parvovirus (Chen et al 2018). From June 2020 to January 2022, numerous mules and pekin duck flocks in different duck-producing regions in Al-Beheira governorate, Egypt have shown marked signs of retarded growth, short beak and protruded tongue.…”

Evaluation of metabolic syndromes and parasitic infection in Muscovy ducks under different management conditions

“…However, some outbreaks have caused severe health problems and high mortality rates (Julian and Galt 1980 ; Bano et al 2005 ; Mansour et al 2018 ; Arias-Sosa and Rojas 2021 ). Even in cases of recovery, the development of diseases leads to lower growth performance and feed conversion efficiency (Glávits et al 2005 ; Poonia et al 2006 ; Mahardika et al 2015 ). Among the infectious agents that can affect the Muscovy ducks, several gastrointestinal parasites could achieve high prevalence rates (Muhairwa et al 2007 ; Mattos et al 2008 ).…”