Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) is threatening industry and backyard Muscovy duck poultry throughout the world. Here, we confirmed its presence in Indonesia for the first time. The outbreak described in this study occurred in a small fatty liver (French: foie gras) industry in Tabanan, Bali, and affected ducklings aged 2-3 weeks. Although older Muscovy ducks were present at the facility, they did not present signs of illness. Among the ducklings, the morbidity and mortality rates were 100% and 90%, respectively. The initial incidence began on 15 June 2014 and ended a month later. It reoccurred in January 2015. Clinical signs were lethargy, anorexia, watery diarrhoea, and dyspnea. The most frequent pathological lesions were cardiac enlargement with pale pericardia, haemorrhage, and enlargement of the liver. Dominant histopathology features were severe enteritis, epicarditis, and hepatitis. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and published primer pairs NS1/REP and VP1, MDPV infection was confirmed with whole DNA isolated from the heart and liver homogenates. Sequencing of the PCR products resulted in 900 bp NS1/REP and 1200 bp VP1 fragments specific to MDPV. The virus sequences from the two separated incidences were completely homologous with one another. Now that MDPV has been detected in Indonesia, it should be included in the differential diagnosis when evaluating ducklings with MDPV-associated symptoms.
Lactoferrin as a feed additive is worth to be explored. However, reports on its application are contradictory, which might be associated with the genetic relatedness. Here we compare the lactoferrin nucleotide and its deduced amino acid sequence. Sequence data for lactoferrin of various animal and human were download from GenBank. The phylogenetic relatedness was inferred and the amino acid sequences were aligned to identify conserved and polymorphic sites. The protein three-dimension structures were estimated using online software. The result showed the lengths of lactoferrin, lactotransferrin or ovotransferrin are 703–711 residues. The phylogeny showed that the lactoferrins of buffalo, cow, goat, pig, camel, and horse formed one group; monkey, human, and gorilla formed a second group; and dog and cat formed a third group. Chicken ovotransferrin was an outgroup. Genetic distances between groups were 0.242–0.061, while smallest span between taxa was 0.016 (human to gorilla) and the highest was 0.612 (chicken to goat). The conserved residues spanned from the amino terminus to the carboxy terminus. There are 27 conserved cysteine residues. N-link glycosylation of the “NXS” and “NXT” motives of lactoferrin diverge between species. A species specific or group specific lactoferrin supplement should be beneficial to animal production.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) merupakan uji diagnostik yang sangat sensitif. Enzim Taq Polymerase merupakan salah satu komponen paling penting dalam pengujian Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Enzim taq polymerase merupakan komponen yang harganya paling mahal. Penggunaan taq polymerase pada uji PCR kurang efisien. Untuk mengetahui efisiensi penggunaan enzim Taq Polymerase dan pada volume terkecil berapa masih dapat digunakan dalam metode pengujian PCR, maka dilakukanlah penelitian dengan membuat volume PCR lebih kecil (5µl, 10 µl, dan 25 µl) dari standard (50 µl). Tiga isolat swab hidung dan anus anjing terinfeksi Parvovirus diekstraksi menggunakan Kit DNA Purifikasi. Hasil ekstraksi dijadikan DNA Template pada pengujian PCR. Amplifikasi menggunakan mesin PCR Apply Biosistem Thermal Cycler. Visualisasi produk amplifikasi menggunakan elektroforesis gel agarose 1%. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa volume PCR lebih kecil dari standard mampu memvisualisasikan produk PCR dengan baik. Pada PCR volume 5µl, tidak semua sampel teramplifikasi dengan baik. Sampel 1 dan 3 menunjukkan band tebal pada posisi sama dengan kontrol positif. Sedangkan sampel 2 tidak menunjukkan adanya band. Pada volume PCR (10µl, 25 µl dan 50µl) semua sampel teramplifikasi dengan baik. Sampel 1 dan 3 menunjukkan band tebal pada posisi sama dengan kontrol positif. Amplifikasi sampel 1 dan 3, gen memiliki panjang nukleotida 910bp (sesuai oligonukleotida), sedangkan sampel 2 juga menunjukkan adanya band tetapi posisinya lebih rendah dan tipis dari sampel 1, 3 dan kontrol positif. Adanya perbedaan tebal tipisnya band yang teramplifikasi disebabkan oleh perbedaan konsentrasi DNA hasil ekstraksi. Perbedaan tinggi band yang teramplifikasi pada sampel 2, berarti bahwa gen yang teramplifikasi bukan gen spesifik parvo. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah pada volume pengujian PCR dengan volume yang lebih kecil dari standard mampu memvisualisasikan gen DNA virus parvo dengan baik. Untuk mengefisienkan penggunaan enzim taq polymerase pada pengujian PCR, volume PCR 10µl dapat direkomendasikan sebagai protokol pengujian PCR untuk DNA Virus Parvo.
The factors that cause the occurrence of "Nyentana" marriage within a family is a situation where there is no male offspring. Looking at the kinship structure in Bali that adheres to the patrilineal system, where the wife enters her husband's family, it can be said that the position of men in Balinese families is very important. In marriages, divorce often occurs, as stated in Article 39 paragraph (2) of Law Number 16 of 2019, which is an amendment to Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage. The purpose of this research is to determine the legal regulation of Balinese customary law as a legal umbrella regarding the position of a divorced man in Nyentana marriage and the importance of legal provisions in the community in the form of "awig-awig" that regulate the rights and obligations of a divorced man in Nyentana marriage that occurs in Marga Village. This research method uses the Normative Juridical research method to find legal rules and principles used as a basis to discuss legal issues related to the legal position of men after divorce in Nyentana marriage as well as the lack of agreement regarding the regulation of the legal position of men after divorce in Nyentana marriage in the form of "awig-awig". This research uses a conceptual approach, statute approach, and historical approach. The conceptual approach is used to discuss the urgency of rules that discuss the legal position of men after divorce in Nyentana marriage. The statute approach is used to examine legal rules related to Nyentana marriage. The historical approach is used to understand the customary legal review used as a legal basis in Nyentana marriage. The legal material search technique in this paper uses a literature study technique, which is then analyzed using qualitative analysis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.