-The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of forage cactus with different fiber sources (elephant grass hay -EGH; corn straw -CS, hay of cassava shoots -HCS; fresh sugarcane bagasse -FSB; and hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse -HSB) on the milk yield and composition and the feeding behavior of lactating Sindhi cows. Five cows with average body weight, average daily milk yield, and average daily 4%-fat-corrected milk yield of 265, 4.95 and 5.22 kg, respectively, were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The effect of experimental diets on milk yield and composition, feeding time (FT), rumination time (RT), idle time, mean values of total chewing time (TCT), number of ruminal boli (NRB), number of rumination chews (NRC), and feed efficiency (FE) and rumination efficiency (RE) expressed as a function of DM and NDF were analyzed. Milk yield in kg/day and corrected to 4.0% fat from the animals that received cactus associated with CS were higher as compared with the treatment with hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse. The milk composition variables were not influenced by the treatments, and nor were FT, RT, TCT, NRB and NC. Two patterns were observed for FE and RE, with higher efficiency of the diets with EGH, CS and HCS and lower efficiency for diets containing sugarcane bagasse. In this context, Sindhi cows fed forage cactus associated with corn straw, elephant grass hay, and hay of cassava shoots present better performance, feeding efficiency, and rumination responses than those fed forage cactus associated with fresh sugarcane bagasse and hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse.

This study characterized the thermal environment and assessed the physiological aspects of acclimatization of Sindhi and Guzerat heifers in a tropical environment (Brazil) under shade. Eight Sindhi and eight Guzerat purebred heifers (Bos indicus) had their physiological traits measured twice a day (9:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m.). Environmental data during the experimental period were collected at two-hour intervals between 5:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. The temperature-humidity (THI) and the black globe temperature-humidity (BGHI) indices were calculated, and surface temperature (S t ), respiratory rate (R r ), and rectal temperature (R t ) were collected, being used to estimate heat loss by cutaneous (E c ) and respiratory (E r ) evaporation. In the warmer parts of the day (1:00 and 3:00 p.m.), the THI and BGHI reached values of 80.26 and 81.25, respectively. There was no significant difference in rectal temperatures between the breeds, but higher values were observed in the afternoon. Heat transfer by cutaneous evaporation reached 118.71±12.91 W.m -2 and 103.43±6.82 W.m -2 at 2:00 p.m. for the Sindhi and Guzerat heifers, respectively. Under these conditions (air temperature was between 29 and 30°C), 84% of the total latent heat loss in Sindhi and Guzerat heifers was represented by E c . It can be concluded that Sindhi and Guzerat heifers can maintain homeothermy with minimal thermoregulatory effort under shade conditions in a tropical environment.

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da prevalência de patógenos causadores de mastite e da contagem de células somáticas (CCS) sobre a produção e composição do leite. Amostras de leite de 1163 vacas da raça Holandesa com 30.97±10.22 kg·d-1 de produção de leite foram coletadas e avaliadas. Staphylococcus spp. foi o patógeno mais prevalente. No geral, o aumento da CCS reduziu a produção de leite e a concentração de lactose e aumentou a concentração de proteína. Coliformes tiveram uma relação diferente entre CCS e teor de proteína no leite. A relação entre CCS e concentração de lactose foi diferente para S. aureus e Streptococcus spp. Lactose e proteína bruta são os componentes do leite mais sensíveis à variação da CCS e esta relação é dependente da presença do patógeno.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production, fat and fatty acids of milk as well as the diameter, classification and quantity of the milk fat globules (MFG) of goats consuming a diet with 15% of crude glycerin. Twelve multiparous Saanen goats weighing 40 ± 6 kg and 90 ± 5 days of lactation were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (0 and 15% inclusion of glycerin). In this way, each milk sample is classified according to the percentage of milk fat globules that were included in these three size categories. For the variables milk production, fat, diameter, medium and large fat globules and amount of globules showed a significant effect of the inclusion of glycerin in the diet (p < 0.05). Fifteen fatty acids were found, mostly saturated. For caprylic, palmitic, and linoleic fatty acids, there was no significant influence of the inclusion of glycerin (p > 0.05). Can recommend the use of 15% double-distilled glycerin in the feeding of lactating goats increased milk production, the amount of fat, increased the size of the milk fat globule. Regarding the saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, they kept the level of 15% of glycerin.

No abstract

Avaliação da eficiência do uso da fita métrica para estimativa do peso corporal em bovinos Curraleiro Pé-Duro Efficiency evaluation of the metric tape use to estimate the body weight in Curraleiro Pé-Duro cattle

The objective of this research was to study the population structure of the Cattle Conservation Nucleos Curraleiro Pé Duro of the Instituto Nacional do Semiárido (NCP_INSA) based on pedigree data. Genealogical information from 338 animals registered in the period from 1991 to 2019 was used. The number of founding animals (Nf), the effective number of founders (fe), effective number of ancestors (fa), inbreeding coefficient (F), and average relatedness coefficient (AR), in addition to Fis, Fit and Fst were estimated. It was possible to identify ancestors up to the third generation, with an increase in information over the generations. Of the total pedigree information evaluated, 90.53% had the identification of the father and mother. The effective size of the population was smaller than those proposed by FAO, suggesting the need to redefine the herd management and genetic management plan strategies, promoting gene flow and breed expansion.

RESUMOO marmeleiro (Croton sp.) é planta que compõe a florística da vegetação de caatinga denunciando áreas antropizadas, promovendo assim a instalação de um espaço ideal para que outras espécies mais Palavras-chave: Marmeleiro, Caatinga, Manejo, Produção florestal. ABSTRACTThe quince is Croton sp. plant that makes up the flora of caatinga vegetation denouncing disturbed areas, thus promoting the installation of an ideal space for other species more sensitive and demanding to be located. Through a performance of Action Research was intended to verify from which the spontaneous quince the same potential to produce forest products and byproducts and how plants respond to some management initiatives, the Action Research was developed in Benedict's Farm Amorim, District Galante, municipality of Campina Grande, state of Paraiba -Brazil. Five plots of 20 m x 20 m sampling (. In plots 1 and 2, were sampled plants with diameter less than 3.0 cm in height and 0.30 m considered commercial plants. The commercials were considered not only numbered and labeled. The data obtained allow inferring that the total number of plants per hectare varies from 10,400 copies to 14,450 copies, quince plants make up 98.07% to 99.30% of the total plant. The quince made with commercial samples ranging from 8.33% to 11.49% (850 to 1650 plants / ha) for plots sampled the highest values were related to wood quality (58.82% to 72.72 %), followed by the production of rods (27.27% to 41.18%) where 8.33% (850 plants) 11.49% (1,650 plants) could be categorized as commercial, 58.82% to these 72.72% will be used to produce firewood and 27.27% to 41.18% will be used to produce rods. As the height of plants in these spontaneous quince ranged from 1.80 m a 4.00 m. There that most of the plants that produced rods had diameters of 3.32 cm to 3.47 cm commercial heights 1.98 m 2.10 m respectively. The cylindrical volume of 0.0020 m3 average booed at 0.0021 m3/plant for firewood and 0.0017 to 0.0020 m³ / plant to sticks. The management of quince, (cut) showed values from 10.88 to 14.04 sprouts with the average total of 12.67 shoots per plant. At the shallow cut in one portion, the herbaceous material in sheet form originated was the equivalent of 595.0 kilograms of green leaves / ha, to scrawl the values can vary from 8,400 kg / ha to 12,980 kg / ha showing strength biomass production of quince even under the most adverse.