RESUMO -Avaliaram-se as características de carcaça, os rendimentos dos cortes e a musculosidade da carcaça de 24 ovinos Santa Inês, inteiros, confinados em baias individuais, alimentados com dietas contendo 0; 20; 30 e 40% de caroço de algodão integral (CAI). Os animais apresentaram peso corporal inicial médio de 19,5 kg e foram abatidos quando atingiram peso médio de 32,2 kg. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro dietas e seis repetições. Não houve efeito para as características quantitativas analisadas em função dos níveis de CAI empregados. O rendimento verdadeiro médio foi de 56,46%.Para os pesos dos cortes em relação à meia-carcaça, houve efeito linear decrescente para a paleta, enquanto para os rendimentos de cortes não houve efeito dos níveis de CAI. A estimativa de musculosidade da carcaça sofreu efeito linear decrescente para a relação músculo:osso e área de olho-de-lombo. Entre os tecidos constituintes da perna, a porcentagem de músculo sofreu influência decrescente. Os níveis de CAI proporcionaram menor musculosidade da carcaça, sem, no entanto, afetar as características e o rendimento de cortes da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês, podendo ser incluído em dietas de terminação.Palavras-chave: cortes comerciais, gossipol, musculosidade, peso corporal, rendimento de carcaça respectively, and allotted to a completely randomized design, with four diets and six replications. No effect was observed for the inclusion of whole cottonseed (WCS) levels to the diets on quantitative characteristics. The average true carcass dressing yield was 56.46%. For the cuts weights based on half carcass, there was a decreasing linear effect for shoulder, while for the cut yields there was not effect of the inclusion of WCS levels in the diet. The estimated of carcass muscularity index presented decreasing linear effect for the muscle:bone ratio and loin eye area. Among the tissues that compose the leg, the muscle percentage a decreasing linear effect was observed. The levels of whole cottonseed provided smaller carcass muscularity, without however affect characteristics and yields of carcass cuts the Santa Inez lambs and could be included in termination diets.Key Words: commercial cuts, gossypol, muscularity, body weight, carcass dressing IntroduçãoNo Brasil, verifica-se nos últimos anos aumento significativo na demanda de carne ovina, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos, o que tem impulsionado a produção de animais para abate, levando à expansão da ovinocultura. A produção de carne depende, em grande parte, do processo de crescimento, uma vez que a carne resulta do crescimento dos tecidos corporais. Vários são os fatores que influenciam a composição tecidual e, conseqüentemente, o crescimento animal, com destaque para a nutrição, tendo em vista que a produtividade é influenciada pela qualidade e quantidade de nutrientes consumidos. O nível nutricional a que o animal está submetido exerce grande influência sobre o rendimento da carcaça e de seus cortes e a proporção dos tecidos musculares.

This study aimed to evaluate the intake, digestion, blood parameters, and feeding behavior of crossbred dairy cows (Holstein × Gir) managed on Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania-1 and provided supplementation with groundnut cake, sunflower cake, or palm kernel cake (to replace soybean meal). Sixteen cows were randomly assigned in a Latin square design with four treatments and four experimental periods. The consumption of nutrients from the pasture did not vary between experimental treatments. Cows receiving the palm kernel cake supplement had a reduced crude protein, non-fibrous carbohydrate, and total digestible nutrient intake and an increase in the average consumption of ether extract. There was also a reduction in the digestibility of dry matter. The inclusion of supplements in the diet did not influence the average time spent eating, ruminating, or resting. The mean values of respiratory and heart rates showed thermal comfort during the trial period. There was a reduction in blood urea nitrogen with palm kernel cake supplementation, and the values of total protein, albumin, and glucose were also significantly different with this supplement. It is recommended that cakes of groundnut cake and sunflower cake seed be used for a total replacement of soybean meal supplements for lactating cows, but the use of palm kernel cake is not recommended.

RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do grupo genético e da condição corporal sobre os rendimentos de carcaça de cordeiros terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros Santa Inês e 24 cordeiros ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Inês com peso médio de 19,8 kg e idade média de 103 dias. O período de adaptação às instalações e à dieta foi de 14 dias.Os animais receberam ração completa com 30% de feno de maniçoba (Manihot pseudoglaziovii) e 70% de concentrado.O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 × 3, composto de dois grupos genéticos e três condições corporais, com diferentes números de repetições. Não houve diferença entre os grupos genéticos para as características quantitativas estudadas, exceto o percentual de gordura interna, a espessura de gordura subcutânea na condição gorda e os rendimentos de perna e costela na condição corporal intermediária. O efeito da condição corporal dentro do grupo genético aumenta o percentual de gordura interna, a espessura de gordura subcutânea, o índice de compacidade da carcaça e os pesos dos cortes, exceto do pescoço, nos cordeiros Dorper × Santa Inês.

Correspondências devem ser enviadas para: ane_sheep@yahoo.com.br influenciou o peso e o rendimento dos cortes e órgãos internos e aumentou a proporção e a deposição de gordura na carcaça. Revista Brasileira de ZootecniaPalavras-chave: dieta, gordura, órgãos, peso, rendimento Effect of concentrate levels on retail cuts, non-carcass and leg components of crossbred feedlot lambsABSTRACT -Thirty-two intact lambs averaging 17.1 kg of initial body weight were assigned to one of the following four treatments: 30, 45, 60 or 75% of dietary concentrate in a completely randomized design (eight lambs/treatment). Lambs were feedlot fed during the experimental period (43 days). After slaughter, carcasses were refrigerated for 24 h. It was measured the weights and percentages of five cuts from the half carcass as well as the proportion of muscle, bone and fat tissue from the leg. The weights of neck, shoulder, ribs, loin and leg all increased linearly by increasing the level of concentrate in the diet while the opposite was observed for the yields of neck, leg, and shoulder; yield of ribs followed the increment of concentrate in the diet and increased linearly. Fat thickness and loin eye area were both affected by the level of concentrate in the diet. The same was observed for the non-carcass components with the exception of digestive tract.Feeding increasing dietary levels of concentrate to lambs affected the weight and yield of retail cuts and internal organs and increased the proportion and deposition of fat in the carcass.Key Words: diet, fat, organs, weight, yield IntroduçãoA Região Nordeste tem se destacado pelo aumento da produção de carne ovina, possibilitado pelos cruzamentos industriais com raças especializadas. No entanto, o consumo da carne ovina ainda é muito baixo e está relacionado à qualidade do produto ofertado. Todavia, isso pode ser contornado quando há disponibilidade de um produto de (Sousa, 1993). É preciso estabelecer um nível de concentrado adequado no intuito de se obter maior quantidade de músculo e adequado acabamento (Figueró, 1979). Níveis superiores a 70% acarretam acúmulo de gordura e tendem a reduzir o rendimento dos cortes pelo incremento da quantidade de gordura depositada (Furusho-Garcia et al., 2004), desvalorizando, portanto, os cortes comerciais (Sainz, 1996). Entre os cortes da carcaça ovina, a perna é considerada o mais nobre, pois apresenta o maior acúmulo de massa muscular (Monteiro et al., 1999), daí a importância de sua composição tecidual para avaliação de sua qualidade (Neres et al., 2001).Além da carcaça, determinados subprodutos aproveitáveis, conhecidos como quinto quarto ou componentes não-carcaça (Osório, 1996), compostos por órgãos e vísceras, também possuem valor comercial. No Nordeste do Brasil, os componentes não-carcaça, conhecidos como buchada, são comercializados em quilograma e constituem 30% do valor do animal, podendo ser utilizados como fonte adicional de renda, contribuindo para compensação dos custos de abate (Silva Sobrinho, 2001). O peso dos componentes não-car...

RESUMO -Este trabalho foi realizado objetivando-se determinar a composição corporal de proteína, gordura e energia e as exigências nutricionais de proteína e energia para mantença e ganho de peso de ovinos Morada Nova. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros com peso vivo (PV) médio inicial de 15 kg. Para determinação da composição corporal, pela metodologia do abate comparativo, seis cordeiros (animaisreferência) foram abatidos aos 15 kg, seis aos 20 kg (abate intermediário) e os demais foram distribuídos em seis grupos (um para cada dieta) de três animais, de acordo com a relação volumoso(V):concentrado(C): 40:60, 55:45 e 70:30. Os cordeiros em cada grupo foram abatidos quando o que recebia a dieta com maior teor de concentrado atingiu 25 kg de PV. A composição corporal variou de 181,53 a 178,74 g de proteína; 72,37 a 131,11 g de gordura e 1,81 a 2,34 Mcal de energia por kg de peso de corpo vazio (PCV). As exigências líquidas de ganho variaram de 222,30 a 218,6 g de proteína e de 3,30 a 4,28 Mcal de energia por kg de PV ganho. As perdas endógenas de nitrogênio foram de 0,332 g/kg 0,75 /dia. A exigência líquida de energia para mantença, estimada pela produção de calor em jejum, foi de 52,49 kcal/ kg 0,75 de PCV. As exigências de proteína e energia metabolizável para cordeiros dos 15 aos 25 kg de PV, com ganho de peso diário de 100 g, oscilaram de 53,46 a 60,19 g/dia e de 1,47 a 2,00 Mcal/dia, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: exigências de ganho, mantença, nitrogênio, perdas endógenas, produção de calor, ovinos Body Composition and Nutritional Requirements of Protein and Energy for Morada Nova LambsABSTRACT -This investigation was carried out to determine body composition of protein, fat, and energy as well as nutritional requirements of protein and energy for maintenance and weight gain of Morada Nova Lambs. Thirty lambs averaging 15 kg of initial body weight (BW) were used in this trial. To determine the body composition using the comparative slaughter approach six lambs were slaughtered at 15 kg (reference animals), six at 20 kg (intermediary slaughter), and the remaining were distributed in one of six groups of three animals (one animal per diet) receiving the following forage (F):concentrate(C) ratios: 1) 40F:60C; 2) 55F:45C, and 3) 70F:30C. Lambs in each group were slaughtered when the animal fed the highest amount of concentrate reached 25 kg of BW. Body composition varied from 181.53 to 178.74 g of protein, 72.37 to 131.11 g of fat, and 1.81 to 2.34 Mcal of energy per kg of empty body weight (EBW). The net requirements of gain varied from 222.30 to 218.6 g of protein and from 3.30 to 4.28 Mcal of energy per kg of gained BW. The endogenous losses of nitrogen were of 0.332 g/kg 0.75 /day. The net requirement of energy for maintenance, estimated by heat production in fasted animals, was of 52.49 Kcal/kg 0.75 of EBW. The requirements of metabolizable protein and energy for lambs from 15 to 25 kg of BW with daily weight gain of 100 g varied from 53.46 to 60.19 g/day and from 1.47 a 2.00 Mcal/day, respectively.

The goal of this bibliographical study was to provide information about residual feed intake (RFI), a new criterion used in the selection of beef cattle for growth rate, food ingestion, and feed efficiency. RFI is calculated as the difference between real consumption and the quantity of food an animal is expected to eat based on its mean live weight and rate of weight gain. In studies of RFI, many speculations are made among researchers about the reliability of this criterion. However, there is a high genetic correlation with characteristics related to post-weaning consumption and maturity, indicating that the biological processes that regulate consumption and efficiency in young animals are similar to the processes that regulate consumption and efficiency in animals of greater age. In contrast to feed conversion, selection based on RFI seems to select for lower rates of consumption and lower animal maintenance requirements without changing adult weight or weight gain. Therefore, we conclude that the data indicate that there are extraordinary benefits to be gained from changing the goals of selection from increased weight gain to improved nutritional efficiency. Given the importance of animal production for economic development in Brazil choosing the best selection goals for livestock improvement is essential. To include an index of feed efficiency in future goals would be desirable, and RFI may play a part in this if economic methods of implementation can be developed.

RESUMO -Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da relação volumoso:concentrado sobre a composição tecidual e os rendimentos de carcaça e de cortes comerciais de cordeiros Morada Nova em confinamento, utilizaram-se 18 cordeiros com peso vivo (PV) inicial de 15 kg, distribuídos em seis grupos de três animais (um em cada dieta), de acordo com a relação volumoso(V):concentrado(C): 40:60, 55:45 e 70:30. Foram avaliados os pesos de corpo vazio (PCV), de carcaça quente (PCQ) e de carcaça fria (PCF), a partir dos quais foram calculados os rendimentos biológico (RB), de carcaça quente (RCQ) e de carcaça fria (RCF) e a perda de peso por resfriamento (PPR). A carcaça foi dividida em cinco cortes cárneos (perna, lombo, costelas, paleta e pescoço), os quais foram pesados para cálculo de seus rendimentos em relação ao peso da meia-carcaça. A perna foi dissecada em músculo, osso e gordura e os pesos desses tecidos foram expressos em peso absoluto e em porcentagem da perna.Calcularam-se as relações músculo:osso e músculo:gordura, o índice de musculosidade da perna (IMP) e a área de olho-de-lombo (AOL). O aumento de 30 para 60% de concentrado na dieta elevou os rendimentos de carcaça quente e carcaça fria, assim como o rendimento biológico. Os crescentes teores de concentrado na dieta não afetaram a porcentagem de músculo na perna, mas proporcionaram maior deposição de gordura e maior área de olho-de-lombo.Palavras-chave: área de olho-de-lombo, carcaça, composição tecidual, índice de musculosidade, ovinos, rendimento de cortes Quantitative characteristics of the carcass of Morada Nova lambs fed different dietary ratios of forage and concentrateABSTRACT -Eighteen lambs averaging initial body weight (BW) of 15 kg were allotted to six groups of three animals (one lamb per diet) and were fed diets with following forage:concentrate ratios (F:C): 1) 40F:60C; 2) 55F:45C; or 3) 70F:30C. Lambs of each group were slaughtered when the animal fed the diet with the highest concentrate level reached 25 kg of BW.Animals were slaughtered after 16 h of fasting (feed and water). After obtaining the slaughter body weight (SBW), animals were anesthetized by electric discharge and killed by bleeding of the carotid arteries and jugular veins. Blood was then collected and weigthed. Soon after evisceration, skin, head and extremities of the fore and rear members were removed. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was emptied, weighted and the value added to that of blood to obtain the empty body weight (EBW), which was calculated by subtracting SBW from GIT + blood weights. The carcasses were weighted and stored at 4°C within a 24-hours period. The empty body (EBW), hot carcass (HCW) and cold carcass weights (CCW) were all used to calculate the biological (BY), hot carcass (HCY) and cold carcass yields (CCY) as well as the weight loss by cooling process (CWL). The carcass was divided in five cuts (leg, loin, ribs, shoulder clod and neck) that were weighted for calculation of cut yields. The leg was dissected in muscle, bone and fat, and weights of these tis...

This study aimed to determine the impact of replacing soybean meal with peanut cake in the diets of crossbred Boer goats as determined by carcass characteristics and quality and by the fatty acid profile of meat. Forty vaccinated and dewormed crossbred Boer goats were used. Goats had an average age of 5 mo and an average BW of 15.6 ± 2.7 kg. Goats were fed Tifton-85 hay and a concentrate consisting of corn bran, soybean meal, and mineral premix. Peanut cake was substituted for soybean meal at levels of 0.0, 33.33, 66.67, and 100%. Biometric and carcass morphometric measurements of crossbred Boer goats were not affected by replacing soybean meal with peanut cake in the diet. There was no influence of the replacement of soybean meal with peanut cake on weight at slaughter ( = 0.28), HCW ( = 0.26), cold carcass weight ( = 0.23), noncarcass components of weight ( = 0.71), or muscularity index values ( = 0.11). However, regression equations indicated that there would be a reduction of 18 and 11% for loin eye area and muscle:bone ratio, respectively, between the treatment without peanut cake and the treatment with total soybean meal replacement. The weights and yields of the commercial cuts were not affected ( > 0.05) by replacing soybean meal with peanut cake in the diet. Replacing soybean meal with peanut cake did not affect the pH ( = 0.79), color index ( > 0.05), and chemical composition ( > 0.05) of the meat (). However, a quadratic trend for the ash content was observed with peanut cake inclusion in the diet ( = 0.09). Peanut cake inclusion in the diet did not affect the concentrations of the sum of SFA ( = 0.29), the sum of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; = 0.29), or the sum of PUFA ( = 0.97) or the SFA:UFA ratio ( = 0.23) in goat meat. However, there was a linear decrease ( = 0.01) in the sum of odd-chain fatty acids in the meat with increasing peanut cake in the diet. Soybean meal replacement with peanut cake did not affect the n-6:n-3 ratio ( = 0.13) or the medium-chain fatty acid ( = 0.76), long-chain fatty acid ( = 0.74), or atherogenicity index values ( = 0.60) in the meat. The sensory attributes of the longissimus lumborum did not differ with the inclusion of peanut cake in the diet as a replacement for soybean meal. These results suggest that based on carcass and meat characteristics, peanut cake can completely substitute soybean meal in the diet of crossbred Boer goats.