This study aimed to evaluate the intake, digestion, blood parameters, and feeding behavior of crossbred dairy cows (Holstein × Gir) managed on Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania-1 and provided supplementation with groundnut cake, sunflower cake, or palm kernel cake (to replace soybean meal). Sixteen cows were randomly assigned in a Latin square design with four treatments and four experimental periods. The consumption of nutrients from the pasture did not vary between experimental treatments. Cows receiving the palm kernel cake supplement had a reduced crude protein, non-fibrous carbohydrate, and total digestible nutrient intake and an increase in the average consumption of ether extract. There was also a reduction in the digestibility of dry matter. The inclusion of supplements in the diet did not influence the average time spent eating, ruminating, or resting. The mean values of respiratory and heart rates showed thermal comfort during the trial period. There was a reduction in blood urea nitrogen with palm kernel cake supplementation, and the values of total protein, albumin, and glucose were also significantly different with this supplement. It is recommended that cakes of groundnut cake and sunflower cake seed be used for a total replacement of soybean meal supplements for lactating cows, but the use of palm kernel cake is not recommended.

Consumo, digestibilidade e pH ruminal de novilhos submetidos a dietas com tortasoriundas da produção do biodiesel em substituição ao farelo de soja [Intake, digestibility and

ADDITIONAL KEYWORDSHeart frequency. Respiratory frequency. Rectal temperature. RESUMOCom o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de tortas oriundas da produção de biodiesel (dendê, amendoim e girassol) em substituição ao farelo de soja, avaliou-se o comportamento ingestivo e parâmetros fisiológicos de novilhos Holandês x Zebu submetidos a dietas contendo estes subprodutos. Foram utilizados quatro novilhos Holandês x Zebu, fistulados no rúmen, mantidos em baias individuais e dispostos em um quadrado latino 4 x 4 repetido no tempo. O experimento teve duração de 88 dias e os animais foram alimentados com feno de Tifton-85 e mistura concentrada com farelo de soja, tortas de dendê, amendoim e girassol, que constituíram os quatro tratamentos. O comportamento ingestivo foi avaliado por observação e registro dos tempos diários despendidos com alimentação, ruminação e ócio. O comportamento bioclimatológico dos animais foi avaliado por intermédio das seguintes medições: frequência respiratória (FR), frequência cardíaca (FC) e temperatura retal (TR). Não houve diferença entre as dietas para o tempo despendido tanto na ingestão, como na ruminação (p>0,05), entretanto, os animais que consumiram a dieta com torta de dendê despenderam mais tempo em ócio (p<0,05). Nos parâmetros fisológicos, ocorreu diferença apenas para frequência cardíaca (FC), sendo a dieta sem torta adicional a que proporcionou o maior valor. A substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de dendê oriunda da produção do biodiesel na dieta de novilhos afetou o comportamento ingestivo dos animais. SUMMARYAiming to evaluate the potential of by-products coming from the production of biodiesel (palm oil, peanuts and sunflower cakes) replacing soybean meal, were evaluated the feeding behavior and bioclimatology of Holstein-Zebu steers fed diets with this byproducts. Were used four rumen canulated Holstein-Zebu steers, kept in individual pens and distributed in a 4 x 4 Latin square with repeated measures on the time. The experiment lasted 88 days and the animals were fed Tifton-85 hay and concentrate ration with soybean meal or one of the following cake: palm kernel, peanuts or sunflower, which constituted the four treatments. Ingestive behavior was assessed by observation and recording of daily time spent on eating, ruminating and idle. The bioclimatological behavior of the animals was evaluated through the following measurements: respiratory frequency (RF), heart frequency (FH) and rectal temperature (RT). The time spent for ingestion and rumination did not differ (p>0.05) between diets, however, animals PALAVRAS CHAVE ADICIONAIS Frequência cardíaca. Frequência respiratória. Temperatura retal.

This study compared the productive and nutritional parameters of milk from crossbred lactating cows managed on Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania and with a diet supplemented with different pressed oilseed cakes. The supplements used were as follows: peanut cake, sunflower cake and palm kernel cake for replacement of soybean meal. Sixteen cows with an average weight of 544 ± 57 kg and producing 8 ± 1.4 L of milk per day were used in this study. The animals were randomly assigned to the treatments according to a Latin square design repeated over time, with four treatments, 16 animals and four experimental periods. Supplementation of the diet with peanut cake, sunflower cake and palm kernel cake compared with soybean meal in the diet of cows did not affect the average daily production or composition of the milk. The palm kernel cake promoted an increase in lauric fatty acids (C ) and palmitoleic acids (C ) (5.02 and 1.65%, respectively) compared with peanut cake and sunflower cake (4.13 and 4.01%, respectively). The levels of oleic fatty acids (C ) were higher for the sunflower cake and palm kernel cake supplements (26.01 and 25.01%, respectively) compared with peanut cake (23.11%). The replacement of soybean meal with sunflower cake and palm kernel cake improved the nutritional quality of the milk, with lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids and higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids, without compromising the production or nutritional composition of the milk. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical and economic efficiency of different methods of cattle weighing, and to develop mathematical equations to estimate the breakeven point for the adoption of electronic weighing, i.e., to estimate how many animals are required for the acquisition and use of an electronic scale to be economically viable. The survey was conducted in confined beef cattle, from the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology in the south of Minas Gerais, IFSUL DE MINAS, Muzambinho Campus, from July to December 2014. Two methods of weighing cattle were evaluated: an electronic scale and a tape measure, using a barimetric tape for dairy cattle and a barimetric tape for beef cattle, and a conventional tape measure involving the conversion of centimeters into body weight using a specific table. Thirty-three animals identified with plastic ear tags were weighed using each method. Animals of the Nellore, Senepol, Girolando, and Red-angus breeds, aged 0-1, 1-2, and 2-3 years, were weighed 402 times in total. The time taken to weigh animals with the electronic scale was the lowest, followed by that with the barimetric tape, and that with conventional tape measure with conversion. The electronic scale exhibited the greatest technical efficiency, owing to the lack of error and the lowest time required to weigh animals. However, the costs associated with the use of this equipment were the highest, which depended on the purchasing cost. The mathematical equations developed will help technicians and cattle farmers to rapidly and precisely estimate the minimum number of animals that should compose a production system to ensure economic viability for the adoption of an electronic method to weigh cattle. ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a eficiência técnica e econômica da implantação e utilização de diferentes métodos de pesagem de bovinos e desenvolver equações matemáticas que permitam estimar o ponto de equilíbrio para utilização do método eletrônico de pesagem, ou seja, estimar a partir de quantos animais é viável economicamente a aquisição e utilização da balança eletrônica. A pesquisa foi realizada no setor de gado de corte, em regime de confinamento, do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, IFSUL DE MINAS-Campus Muzambinho, no período de julho a dezembro de 2014. Foram avaliados dois métodos de pesagem de bovinos: balança eletrônica e fita métrica, sendo essa nas modalidades fita barimétrica para gado de leite e fita barimétrica para gado de corte e fita métrica convencional com conversão de centímetro em peso vivo (PV), utilizando-se tabela específica para essa finalidade. Cada método foi aplicado em 33 animais, identificados com brincos plásticos auriculares, das raças Nelore, Senepol, Girolando e Red-angus, com diferentes faixas etárias (0 a 1; 1 a 2; 2 a 3 anos), sendo realizadas 402 pesagens. O tempo necessário para pesagem dos animais pelo método balança eletrônica foi o mais rápido, seguido pela fita barimétrica e fita métrica con...

Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de tortas oriundas da produção de biodiesel (dendê, amendoim e girassol) em substituição ao farelo de soja, avaliou-se o comportamento ingestivo e parâmetros fisiológicos de novilhos Holandês x Zebu submetidos a dietas contendo estes subprodutos. Foram utilizados quatro novilhos Holandês x Zebu, fistulados no rúmen, mantidos em baias individuais e dispostos em um quadrado latino 4 x 4 repetido no tempo. O experimento teve duração de 88 dias e os animais foram alimentados com feno de Tifton-85 e mistura concentrada com farelo de soja, tortas de dendê, amendoim e girassol, que constituíram os quatro tratamentos. O comportamento ingestivo foi avaliado por observação e registro dos tempos diários despendidos com alimentação, ruminação e ócio. O comportamento bioclimatológico dos animais foi avaliado por intermédio das seguintes medições: frequência respiratória (FR), frequência cardíaca (FC) e temperatura retal (TR). Não houve diferença entre as dietas para o tempo despendido tanto na ingestão, como na ruminação (p>0,05), entretanto, os animais que consumiram a dieta com torta de dendê despenderam mais tempo em ócio (p

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar parâmetros de comportamento ingestivo de vacas primíparas das raças Guzerá e Sindi recebendo dietas com diferentes níveis de inclusão T1 (0,0 canade-açúcar + 0,0% ureia), T2 (13,0% cana-de-açúcar + 0,6% ureia), T3 (26,2% cana-de-açúcar + 1,2% ureia) e T4 (39,4% cana-de-açúcar + 1,8% ureia) ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the ingestive behavior parameters of primiparous cows Sindi and Guzerá breeds under diet of different levels of urea inclusion replacing the soybean bran and the sugar cane replacing the elephant grass. It has been used eight primiparous cows, being four Guzerá breed and four Sindi lactating, distributed into two (g FDN h -1 ).

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress and characterize the coat characteristics of red and white varieties of Morada Nova sheep raised in the semiarid region of Brazil during the rainy and dry seasons. The following variables were investigated: coat thickness (C T ), inclination angle of the coat (θ I ), hair coat density (H DE ), hair length (H L ) and hair diameter (H D ), in conjunction with the physiological responses of rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate (RR). The data were tested with an analysis of variance, a Tukey test at a 5% significance level and a correlation analysis. The season of the year (dry and rainy) and the variety (red and white) were used as fixed effects in the analysis of variance. H L , H DE and H D were significantly greater in the dry season than in the rainy season (P < 0.05), but C T and θ I did not differ between seasons (P > 0.05). H L , H DE and H D were lower and θ I was greater (P < 0.05) for the red variety, but C T was statistically equal (P > 0.05) for the two varieties. It was concluded that the coat characteristics of the Morada Nova ewes favor the adaptation of the sheep to a semiarid environment, including the improved protection of the skin against ultraviolet radiation. In general, the white variety presented characteristics reflecting a higher degree of adaptation to the conditions of the Brazilian semiarid region.