This study evaluated the effect of different probiotics and prebiotics on the performance of broilers. One-day-old male broiler chicks from the Cobb strain (n=1,260) were randomly distributed in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, considering 3 probiotics and 3 prebiotics sources. Nine treatments with 4 repetitions and 35 birds per parcel were used. The results showed that there was no influence of treatment on feed intake at the different rearing phases. Better weight gain (p<0.05) was seen when diet was supplemented with the phosphorylated mannanoligosaccharide-based prebiotic (MOS) compared to diets without prebiotics. Feed conversion of birds fed diets with probiotics and prebiotics was better than feed conversion of birds not receiving such additives. Such better results were seen in the initial period (1 to 21 days), but not in the following period (1 to 35 days) or in the total period (1 to 42 days). Better rearing viability was seen when MOS was used together with organic acidifier when compared to the diets without prebiotic. Viability was worst when no prebiotics or probiotics were used. It was concluded that beneficial effects were seen in performance of birds at 21 days when the growth promoters were used, but not at 42 days of age. Nevertheless, there was better growth viability at 42 days of age when growth promoters were added

This study evaluated the use of different probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics on the quality of carcasses and meat of broiler chickens. One hundred and eight day-old Cobb male broilers were used (n=108) in a completely randomized design according to a 3x3 factorial, with 3 probiotics in the diet (no probiotics, probiotics 1, probiotics 2) and 3 prebiotics in the diet (no prebiotics, prebiotics 1, prebiotics 2). There were nine treatments with 4 replicates and 3 birds per replicate. The results showed that the carcass and cut yields, color (L* -lightness, a* -redness, and b* -yellowness), pH, cooking losses, shearing force and sensory analysis were not affected by the use of different growth promoters at 42 days of age. It was concluded that growth promoters supplemented to the diet did not affect the studied quantitative and qualitative parameters of the carcass and breast meat of broiler chickens.

RESUMO -Este trabalho foi realizado objetivando-se determinar a composição corporal de proteína, gordura e energia e as exigências nutricionais de proteína e energia para mantença e ganho de peso de ovinos Morada Nova. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros com peso vivo (PV) médio inicial de 15 kg. Para determinação da composição corporal, pela metodologia do abate comparativo, seis cordeiros (animaisreferência) foram abatidos aos 15 kg, seis aos 20 kg (abate intermediário) e os demais foram distribuídos em seis grupos (um para cada dieta) de três animais, de acordo com a relação volumoso(V):concentrado(C): 40:60, 55:45 e 70:30. Os cordeiros em cada grupo foram abatidos quando o que recebia a dieta com maior teor de concentrado atingiu 25 kg de PV. A composição corporal variou de 181,53 a 178,74 g de proteína; 72,37 a 131,11 g de gordura e 1,81 a 2,34 Mcal de energia por kg de peso de corpo vazio (PCV). As exigências líquidas de ganho variaram de 222,30 a 218,6 g de proteína e de 3,30 a 4,28 Mcal de energia por kg de PV ganho. As perdas endógenas de nitrogênio foram de 0,332 g/kg 0,75 /dia. A exigência líquida de energia para mantença, estimada pela produção de calor em jejum, foi de 52,49 kcal/ kg 0,75 de PCV. As exigências de proteína e energia metabolizável para cordeiros dos 15 aos 25 kg de PV, com ganho de peso diário de 100 g, oscilaram de 53,46 a 60,19 g/dia e de 1,47 a 2,00 Mcal/dia, respectivamente.Palavras-chave: exigências de ganho, mantença, nitrogênio, perdas endógenas, produção de calor, ovinos Body Composition and Nutritional Requirements of Protein and Energy for Morada Nova LambsABSTRACT -This investigation was carried out to determine body composition of protein, fat, and energy as well as nutritional requirements of protein and energy for maintenance and weight gain of Morada Nova Lambs. Thirty lambs averaging 15 kg of initial body weight (BW) were used in this trial. To determine the body composition using the comparative slaughter approach six lambs were slaughtered at 15 kg (reference animals), six at 20 kg (intermediary slaughter), and the remaining were distributed in one of six groups of three animals (one animal per diet) receiving the following forage (F):concentrate(C) ratios: 1) 40F:60C; 2) 55F:45C, and 3) 70F:30C. Lambs in each group were slaughtered when the animal fed the highest amount of concentrate reached 25 kg of BW. Body composition varied from 181.53 to 178.74 g of protein, 72.37 to 131.11 g of fat, and 1.81 to 2.34 Mcal of energy per kg of empty body weight (EBW). The net requirements of gain varied from 222.30 to 218.6 g of protein and from 3.30 to 4.28 Mcal of energy per kg of gained BW. The endogenous losses of nitrogen were of 0.332 g/kg 0.75 /day. The net requirement of energy for maintenance, estimated by heat production in fasted animals, was of 52.49 Kcal/kg 0.75 of EBW. The requirements of metabolizable protein and energy for lambs from 15 to 25 kg of BW with daily weight gain of 100 g varied from 53.46 to 60.19 g/day and from 1.47 a 2.00 Mcal/day, respectively.

RESUMO -Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da relação volumoso:concentrado sobre a composição tecidual e os rendimentos de carcaça e de cortes comerciais de cordeiros Morada Nova em confinamento, utilizaram-se 18 cordeiros com peso vivo (PV) inicial de 15 kg, distribuídos em seis grupos de três animais (um em cada dieta), de acordo com a relação volumoso(V):concentrado(C): 40:60, 55:45 e 70:30. Foram avaliados os pesos de corpo vazio (PCV), de carcaça quente (PCQ) e de carcaça fria (PCF), a partir dos quais foram calculados os rendimentos biológico (RB), de carcaça quente (RCQ) e de carcaça fria (RCF) e a perda de peso por resfriamento (PPR). A carcaça foi dividida em cinco cortes cárneos (perna, lombo, costelas, paleta e pescoço), os quais foram pesados para cálculo de seus rendimentos em relação ao peso da meia-carcaça. A perna foi dissecada em músculo, osso e gordura e os pesos desses tecidos foram expressos em peso absoluto e em porcentagem da perna.Calcularam-se as relações músculo:osso e músculo:gordura, o índice de musculosidade da perna (IMP) e a área de olho-de-lombo (AOL). O aumento de 30 para 60% de concentrado na dieta elevou os rendimentos de carcaça quente e carcaça fria, assim como o rendimento biológico. Os crescentes teores de concentrado na dieta não afetaram a porcentagem de músculo na perna, mas proporcionaram maior deposição de gordura e maior área de olho-de-lombo.Palavras-chave: área de olho-de-lombo, carcaça, composição tecidual, índice de musculosidade, ovinos, rendimento de cortes Quantitative characteristics of the carcass of Morada Nova lambs fed different dietary ratios of forage and concentrateABSTRACT -Eighteen lambs averaging initial body weight (BW) of 15 kg were allotted to six groups of three animals (one lamb per diet) and were fed diets with following forage:concentrate ratios (F:C): 1) 40F:60C; 2) 55F:45C; or 3) 70F:30C. Lambs of each group were slaughtered when the animal fed the diet with the highest concentrate level reached 25 kg of BW.Animals were slaughtered after 16 h of fasting (feed and water). After obtaining the slaughter body weight (SBW), animals were anesthetized by electric discharge and killed by bleeding of the carotid arteries and jugular veins. Blood was then collected and weigthed. Soon after evisceration, skin, head and extremities of the fore and rear members were removed. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was emptied, weighted and the value added to that of blood to obtain the empty body weight (EBW), which was calculated by subtracting SBW from GIT + blood weights. The carcasses were weighted and stored at 4°C within a 24-hours period. The empty body (EBW), hot carcass (HCW) and cold carcass weights (CCW) were all used to calculate the biological (BY), hot carcass (HCY) and cold carcass yields (CCY) as well as the weight loss by cooling process (CWL). The carcass was divided in five cuts (leg, loin, ribs, shoulder clod and neck) that were weighted for calculation of cut yields. The leg was dissected in muscle, bone and fat, and weights of these tis...

Foi estudada a composição centesimal da carne de cordeiros submetidos a três dietas com diferentes níveis de concentrado. Foram utilizados 18 cordeiros, machos não castrados, da raça Morada Nova, com peso vivo médio inicial de 15kg. As dietas constituíram-se em: D1 - 60% de concentrado (C) e 40% de volumoso (V); D2 - 45% de C e 55% de V e D3 - 30% de C e 70% de V. Quando os animais que recebiam a D1 atingiam 25kg de peso vivo, o respectivo lote, formado por três animais, era abatido. As carcaças foram refrigeradas a 4ºC por 24 horas. A meia carcaça esquerda foi seccionada em cinco cortes: pescoço, paleta, costelas, lombo e perna. As pernas foram dissecadas para a obtenção do músculo Semimembranosus, no qual foi determinada a composição centesimal. Os níveis de concentrado na dieta não afetaram o teor de umidade, matéria mineral e gordura da carne ovina, porém afetaram (P<0,05) o teor de proteína. As dietas com 30 e 60% de concentrado propiciaram mesmo teor de proteína na carne.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with sunflower seeds and vitamin E for fattening lambs, on the chemical composition, cholesterol, vitamin E level, fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation of meat from sheep. Four treatments were evaluated, as follows: SC – basal diet consisting of sugarcane + concentrate; SCS – basal diet supplemented with sunflower seed; SCE – basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg vitamin E; SCSE – basal diet supplemented with sunflower seed and 1000 mg vitamin E. The Longissimus lumborum muscle of 32 Ile de France lambs, which were slaughtered when their bodyweight reached 32 kg, was used. The chemical composition of the lamb meat was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the treatments. Sunflower seed supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the levels of linoleic acid, vaccenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid. Inclusion of vitamin E in the diet increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of vitamin E in the meat while decreasing lipid oxidation. Considering the current demand for healthy foods, inclusion of sunflower seeds and vitamin E in the diet of sheep is a viable possibility.

Os músculos Biceps femoris, Longissimus e Triceps brachii submetidos aos efeitos do tempo de maturação e da injeção com cloreto de cálcio de cordeiros Morada Nova foram estudados quanto às características de cor, capacidade de retenção de água e maciez. Os cordeiros foram abatidos ao atingirem 25kg de peso vivo. Os músculos apresentaram diferenças na cor (luminosidade-L*, teor de vermelho-a* e teor de amarelo-b*) 24 horas após o abate. A maturação tendeu a escurecer a carne. O cloreto de cálcio não modificou a cor das carnes provenientes dos músculos Longissimus e Triceps brachii, entretanto as do Biceps femoris apresentaram-se mais vermelhas quando receberam cloreto de cálcio. Quanto à capacidade de retenção de água, a maturação afetou as carnes do Triceps brachii, mas não influenciou as carnes dos músculos Biceps femoris e Longissimus. O cloreto de cálcio não modificou a capacidade de retenção de água dos músculos avaliados. A maturação influiu sobre a maciez do Biceps femoris e do Longissimus.

The effects of vitamin E supplementation (300 mg/kg diet) in the diet of broiler chickens for different periods during rearing on the performance and qualitative traits of breast and leg muscles were evaluated. Seven hundred and twenty day-old chicks were distributed into six treatments: basal diet (25 mg vitamin E/kg diet), and diet supplemented with vitamin E from 1 to 15, 1 to 30, 1 to 45, 14 to 45 and 30 to 45 days of age. Vitamin E content, lipid percentage, TBARS (0 and 3 days of storage), color (*L, *a, *b), and pH were evaluated. There were no differences (p>0.05) among treatments in performance, carcass yield, and cut yields. Qualitative parameters (pH and color) presented no differences, although vitamin E positively affected TBARS values at 3 days of storage, mainly in leg muscles. Vitamin E levels in both muscles were higher in the birds supplemented throughout the experiment