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-To assess the influence of genotype and diets with different energy levels on the lipid profile of sheep meat, 54 lambs were used (18 animals from each genotype: Morada Nova, Santa Inez and ½Dorper + ½Santa Inez crossbred), distributed in a completely randomized experimental design in a 3 × 2 factorial arragement (three genotypes and two diets).The animals were submitted to two diets, 2.5 Mcal ME/kg DM and 3.0 Mcal ME/kg DM, receiving feed and water to reach the desired average live weight of 30 kg, when they were slaughtered. Total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids and fatty acids profile of the Longissimus muscle were assessed. Diet and genotype did not influence the total lipids, cholesterol and

The aim of this review was to understand the role of physiological, hematological, biochemical and hormonal variables of the blood of goats raised in adverse environments. Scientific work in recent years has allowed for the evaluation of how goats of various breeds respond to edaphoclimatic effects to maintain homeothermy according to adaptability to the environment. The exposure of goats to heat stress causes changes in the physiological functions with impact on production and productivity of the animals. There is evidence that the central nervous system is sensitive to temperature changes, and some cells are agiler in the cold than in heat. In conclusion, we say that regardless of the breed, the raising environment and its climatic variables can trigger physiological, biochemical, hematological and hormonal alterations that result in a reduction of the heat production for maintenance of homeothermy. All these changes have a substantial impact on production and productivity.

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RESUMO -O leite de cabra é considerado um dos alimentos mais completos por apresentar vários elementos importantes para a nutrição humana, constituído de proteínas de alto valor biológico e ácidos graxos essenciais, além de seu conteúdo mineral e vitamínico. Esta revisão tem como objetivo avaliar as variações referentes à composição química e propriedades físico-químicas do leite, que ocorrem em função de alguns fatores, tais como: climáticos, raça, indivíduo, estágio de lactação e alimentação. O manejo alimentar tem sido considerado um fator preponderante na manipulação dos componentes do leite. Há um entendimento dominante que a gordura é o componente do leite que mais sofre influência dos alimentos. O uso de técnicas biológicas moleculares poderá contribuir para o entendimento do mecanismo de utilização do alimento no rúmen, estabelecendo um novo cenário para a microbiologia ruminal, que pode ser diferente do que tem sido estudado até o momento.Palavras-chave: alimentação, caprinos, composição química, nutrição, perfil lipídico Influence of feed on the production on quality of goat milk ABSTRACT -Goat milk is considered one of the most complete foods, since it holds several elements which are important for human nutrition, and necessary for the constitution of tissues and blood. This revision aims to assess the variations of the chemical composition and physical-chemical properties of the milk which occur due to some factors, such as: climate, breed, the individual, lactation stage and food. Feed management has been considered a key factor in the manipulation of milk components. There is a general understanding that among the components of the milk fat is the most influenced by food. The use of molecular biological techniques might contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of utilization of food in rumen, establishing a new possibility for ruminal microbiology, which can be different from what has been studied so far.Key Words: feed, goats, chemical composition, nutrition, lipid profile IntroduçãoEm torno de 74% do rebanho mundial de caprinos encontram-se difundidos nas regiões tropicais e áridas. No Brasil, cerca de 90% do rebanho caprino encontra-se na região Nordeste, principalmente na zona semi-árida. Constitui-se em uma espécie de expressiva importância econômica graças a sua rusticidade, que permite uma melhor adaptação às características do meio, ressaltando-se a qualidade dos produtos que fornece para a alimentação e vestuário (Dubeuf et al., 2004).A demanda por produtos de origem animal de qualidade torna-se cada vez mais visada pelo mercado consumidor gerando a busca pela produção e processamento de alimentos cada vez mais elaborados e com certificação de qualidade garantida. Tal fato não é diferente para o leite caprino, o qual necessita da aplicação de métodos de produção e beneficiamento diferenciados para que sejam oferecidos produtos melhorados (Raynal-Ljutovac et al., 2008), desmistificando o leite de cabra como alimento pouco palatável, levando a sua expansão em âmbito nacional.A popul...

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-It was evaluated in this study the environmental effects on body weights of goat kids from birth to 150 days of age of Tunisian local goat population, on the basis of 1,656 records obtained from the Arid Areas Institute of Médenine, Tunisia, during 2001-2005. Except for birth weight, individual records were adjusted for standard ages (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days) using either extrapolation or interpolation on field data. Data were analyzed by GLM procedure and SNK (α = 0.05) means comparison test. The kidding year (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005), kidding month (December, January, February, and March), birth type (single and twins), sex (male and female), coat colour of kid and age of dam (2-10 years) were definied as non-genetic factors. Results showed that mean values and standard deviation (SD) of body weight at birth (0), 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days of age were 2.57 ± 0.52 kg, 4.06 ± 1.16 kg, 6.99 ± 1.87 kg, 8.90 ± 2.46 kg, 11.48 ± 3.35 kg and 13.53 ± 4.80 kg for male and 2.29 ± 0.44 kg, 4.76 ± 1.13 kg, 3.09 ± 1.33 kg, 8.08 ± 2.02 kg, 10.24 ± 2.36 kg and 12.15 ± 6.54 kg for female. The kidding year, birth type and sex had effect on body weights of Tunisian local kids at all ages. The single and male was always heavier than the twins and the females. The birth month had effect on all body weights except for weight at 30 days of age. The age of dam had effect on body weights from 60 to 150 days of age. However, the coat color had no significant effect on all body weights. Environmental effects estimated in this study are important and need to be taken into account for Tunisian local goat management and breeding improvement under harsh conditions.

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