-To assess the influence of genotype and diets with different energy levels on the lipid profile of sheep meat, 54 lambs were used (18 animals from each genotype: Morada Nova, Santa Inez and ½Dorper + ½Santa Inez crossbred), distributed in a completely randomized experimental design in a 3 × 2 factorial arragement (three genotypes and two diets).The animals were submitted to two diets, 2.5 Mcal ME/kg DM and 3.0 Mcal ME/kg DM, receiving feed and water to reach the desired average live weight of 30 kg, when they were slaughtered. Total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids and fatty acids profile of the Longissimus muscle were assessed. Diet and genotype did not influence the total lipids, cholesterol and
The aim of this study was to gain information on quality traits, mainly bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk milk, produced by small- and medium-scale producers in a semiarid northeastern region of Brazil and to identify and characterize possible risk factors associated with those quality traits. A cross-sectional study was performed on 50 farms. Bulk milk samples were collected for bacterial and somatic cell counts. Additionally, information about farm demographics, general management practices, hygiene, and milking procedures was also obtained. Multivariable analysis using logistic regression was performed with predictors previously identified by univariate analysis using a Fisher's Exact test. Aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts varied from 3.59 log to 6.95 log cfu/mL, with geometric mean of 5.27 log cfu/mL. Mean total coliform count was 3.27 log (1.52 log to 5.89 log) most probable number (MPN)/mL, whereas mean thermotolerant coliforms was 2.38 log (1.48 log to 4.75 log) MPN/mL. A high positive correlation was observed between aerobic mesophilic bacteria and coliform counts. Although most farms met the standard for the current regulations for total bacteria (88%) and somatic cell counts (94%), nearly half of the producers (46%) would have problems in achieving the 2012 threshold limit for total bacteria count if no improvement in milk quality occurs. Mean value for staphylococci was 3.99 log (2.31 log to 6.24 log) cfu/mL, and Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 33 (66%) farms. Premilking teat-end wash procedure (odds ratio=0.191) and postmilking teat dip (odds ratio=0.67) were associated with lower aerobic mesophilic bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus counts in bulk milk, respectively. Considering that the farm characteristics in this study are representative of the semiarid northeastern region, these findings encourage further investigations for supporting intervention measures intended to improve the quality of milk produced by smallholders.
IntroduçãoO mercado, potencialmente promissor para carne ovina no Brasil, aliado ao novo perfil dos consumidores, mais perceptíveis à qualidade, tem induzido o aprimoramento técnico e organizacional na atual cadeia produtiva. O desenvolvimento de técnicas adequadas de manejo nutricional para cordeiros em terminação que conduzam a modificações desejáveis no conteúdo dos ácidos graxos da carne tem promovido, em alguns casos, a depreciação nos atributos sensoriais da carne, a exemplo do aroma e sabor (Vasta & Priolo, 2006). Neste contexto, a utilização de níveis adequados de volumoso na dieta de cordeiros em terminação, pode promover modificações desejáveis no perfil dos ácidos graxos da carne (Gallo et al., 2007) e alterações na qualidade sensorial da carne. Essas informações permitirão viabilizar a diferenciação dos produtos e desenvolver estratégias específicas para cada R. Bras.
The aim of this study was to investigate the adulteration of goat milk produced by smallholders in semiarid northeastern Brazil with bovine milk as an adulterant. The study was requested by the association of smallholder producers in the region to investigate and to inhibit adulteration practices as a need to ensure the quality and safety of goat milk. A duplex PCR assay has been developed and standardized. Further validation was performed in 160 fresh bulk goat milk samples. The detection limit of the duplex PCR was 0.5% bovine milk in goat milk and the results indicated that 41.2% of the goat milk presented to market was positive for bovine milk. Making the test available to the association of producers, together with extension activities, have been applied to reduce adulteration in goat milk sold to small-scale dairy plants and to ensure the species origin for goat milk in the state of Paraíba.
Este experimento foi realizado para avaliar o efeito de dois níveis de casca de soja (CS) e de três fontes de nitrogênio sobre a digestão total e parcial aparentes no rúmen e nos intestinos. Seis novilhos Holandês x Zebu com idade média de 12 meses e 229 kg de PV foram fistulados no rúmen e no abomaso e distribuídos em quadrado latino 6x6 e alimentados individualmente ad libitum. O consumo e as digestibilidades totais e parciais dos nutrientes foram avaliados. Não houve efeito da fonte de proteína sobre o consumo, quantidades de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e da fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) no rúmen, no abomaso e nas fezes e sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidades destes componentes. O aumento, porém, do nível de casca de soja elevou os coeficientes de digestibilidade de todos os componentes estudados nos locais do trato digestivo, com exceção nos intestinos, onde o nível de casca de soja não afetou a digestão da PB, FDN e da FDA. Os resultados indicam que a casca de soja pode substituir tanto o milho como, parcialmente, a fração volumosa nas rações de ruminantes. A farinha de subproduto avícola e a amiréia podem substituir o farelo de soja nas rações de bovinos sem reflexos negativos sobre a digestão de seus componentes nutritivos.
RESUMOAvaliou-se o efeito da substituição do milho pela manipueira + ureia (0; 25; 50; 75 e 100%) na dieta de ovinos sobre as características de carcaça e a composição tecidual da perna. Quarenta animais foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo o peso inicial utilizado como covariável, e abatidos após 70 dias de confinamento. O peso corporal ao abate e os pesos de carcaça decresceram linearmente com a substituição, assim como os rendimentos de carcaça quente (42,77 a 39,12%) e comercial (41,22 a 37,55%) e área de olho-de-lombo (9,80 a 7,14 cm²). Os pesos dos cortes cárneos decresceram linearmente, mas o rendimento dos mesmos não foi alterado. Verificou-se decréscimo linear para a largura da garupa e os índices de compacidade da perna e da carcaça. Os pesos dos componentes tissulares da perna, o percentual de músculos, a relação músculo:osso e o índice de musculosidade da perna (0,37 a 0,34 g cm) decresceram linearmente com a substituição. O percentual de ossos aumentou linearmente (20,07 a 22,58%), mas o percentual de gordura não foi influenciado, assim como as relações músculo:osso e gordura subcutânea:gordura intermuscular. Não se recomenda a substituição do milho pela manipueira + ureia.Palavras-chave: alimento alternativo, energia, mandioca, morfometria, musculosidade Carcass characteristics and tissue composition of Santa Ines sheep fed manipueira ABSTRACTThe effects of replacing corn with manipueira + urea at 0; 25; 50; 75 and 100% in the diet of sheep on the carcass characteristics and tissue composition of the leg were studied. Forty sheep were distributed in a completely randomized design, with initial weight used as covariate, and slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. Slaughter body weight and carcass weights decreased linearly with the substitution, as well as hot carcass (42.77 to 39.12%) and commercial yields (41.22 to 37.55%) and longissimus muscle area (9.80 to 7.14 cm²). The weight of all meat cuts decreased linearly, but the yield of the same has not changed. There was a linear decrease to the rump width and carcass and leg compactness index. The weights of the tissue components of the leg, the percentage of muscles, the muscle: bone ratio and muscularity leg index (0.37 a 0.34 g cm -1 ) decreased with the replacement. The percentage of bones increased linearly (20.07 to 22.58%), but the fat percentage was not affected, as well as the muscle: bone ratio and subcutaneous fat: intermuscular fat ratio. It is not recommended to replace corn by manipueira + urea.
ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação concentrada sobre o ganho de peso, as características quantitativas da carcaça e dos não constituintes da carcaça de caprinos castrados da raça Canindé em sistema de pastejo na caatinga. 40 caprinos com peso corporal (PC) inicial médio de 15,76 ± 0,96kg foram distribuídos nos níveis de zero; 0,5; 1 e 1,5% de suplementação concentrada (% PC), sendo abatidos quando os animais que recebiam 1,5% de suplementação atingiram peso médio de 23,10 ± 1,74kg. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro níveis de suplementação e dez repetições. O ganho de peso, rendimento de carcaça, rendimento dos cortes e peso dos constituintes não carcaça (pele, cabeça, sangue, fígado, rins, trato respiratório, trato gastrointestinal), bem como o peso da gordura total, foram influenciados positivamente pelos níveis de suplementação. Os níveis de suplementação um e 1,5% do PC são favoráveis ao desempenho, às características de carcaça e ao desenvolvimento de órgãos em caprinos da raça Canindé em pastejo na caatinga.
-Thirty-five feedlot lambs (without defined breed, aged between 5 and 7 months, with average live weight of 17.7±3.7 kg) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of diets containing different genotypes of sorghum on morphometric measurements and qualitative characteristics of carcass and yields of primal cuts. The animals stayed in individual indoor pens for 42 days and slaughtered at an average weight of 26.24 kg. No significant differences were observed on morphometric measurements, hot (11.67 kg) and cold (11.39 kg) carcass weight, hot (44.46%) and cold (43.37%) carcass yields, biological yield and on cooling losses. There was also no significant effect of silages of different genotypes of sorghum on the weights and yields of retail cuts (neck, shoulder, rib, loin and leg) and on the subjective evaluation of carcasses. It is possible to finish sheep without defined breed feeding them diets based on silages of sorghum, resulting in carcasses with high yield and good conformation.
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