Physiological and biochemical blood variables of goats subjected to heat stress – a review

Abstract

The aim of this review was to understand the role of physiological, hematological, biochemical and hormonal variables of the blood of goats raised in adverse environments. Scientific work in recent years has allowed for the evaluation of how goats of various breeds respond to edaphoclimatic effects to maintain homeothermy according to adaptability to the environment. The exposure of goats to heat stress causes changes in the physiological functions with impact on production and productivity of the animals. There is evidence that the central nervous system is sensitive to temperature changes, and some cells are agiler in the cold than in heat. In conclusion, we say that regardless of the breed, the raising environment and its climatic variables can trigger physiological, biochemical, hematological and hormonal alterations that result in a reduction of the heat production for maintenance of homeothermy. All these changes have a substantial impact on production and productivity.

Blood metabolic profile and acid-base status of Istrian goats - a critically endangered Croatian goat - in relation to age

“…With the rise in environmental temperature, animals lose liquid through their respiratory tract, reducing the blood plasma volume and increasing the haematocrit concentration. If physiological excretion is prolonged, dehydration occurs and thus, loss of fluids by the evaporation process results in increased haematocrit (RIBEIRO et al, 2018). The higher values of MCV in the blood of Istrian goats compared to the reference values could be related to the high air temperatures during blood sampling, which is in accordance with the study by AENGWANICH (2007) that determined higher MCV in broilers under heat stress.…”

“…The results of numerous studies have shown that determination of the metabolic profile and acid-base status are important for monitoring metabolism and animal health (OTTER, 2013;MOHAMMED et al, 2016;ANTUNOVIĆ et al, 2013 and2017a, b;REDLBERGER et al, 2017). The values of the blood metabolic profile parameters and acid-base status of goats are influenced by several factors, such as breed, age, physiological status; sex, nutrition or season (PICCIONE et al, 2010 andJONES, 2011;ARFUSO et al, 2016;ANTUNOVIĆ et al, 2017a;RADIN et al, 2017;RIBEIRO et al, 2018;GÄRTNER et al, 2019). Therefore, it is important to specify the individual values of metabolic profile and acid-base status for each goat breed, as well as to assess the impact of age.…”

Acute Phase Protein Levels as An Auxiliary Tool in Diagnosing Viral Diseases in Ruminants—A Review

“…TTR is a precursor protein often found in amyloid deposits and is associated with many amyloid diseases [ 6 ]. TTR concentrations change in response to heat stress and bacterial and viral infections [ 33 ]. So far, Tf and TTR are not considered as APP in small ruminants.…”

Parámetros bioquímicos y hematológicos en ovinos de pelo con y sin sombra bajo condiciones desérticas

“…Mientras que Alhidary et al (2012) reportan que ovinos sometidos a condiciones de estrés calórico por siete días presentaron niveles sanguíneos de glucosa, PT, colesterol, triglicéridos y urea sin cambios importantes. Pero la concentración de glucosa y colesterol son los metabolitos propensos a alteraciones en climas cálidos (Ribeiro et al 2014). Al respecto Sejian et al (2010b) e Indu et al (2015) reportan que en condiciones de estrés calórico, los niveles de glucosa y colesterol disminuyen.…”

“…La mayor concentración de Hb en el tratamiento sin sombra puede estar asociado a mecanismo de adaptación de las corderas para proporcionar la cantidad necesaria de agua hacia el sistema circulatorio, para enfriarse por evaporación (Kamal et al 2016). Además, las corderas en este tratamiento evidenciaron que hubo condiciones de estrés por el incremento en los niveles de Hb en la sangre, como consecuencia de mayor demanda de oxígeno, para activar los mecanismossiológicos de termorregulación (Ribeiro et al 2014, Al-Dawood 2017. Además de estar relacionados con el incremento de la actividad metabólica para satisfacer las demandas energéticas de mantenimiento y crecimiento.…”