No abstract

Climate change and its variability are some of the most critical threats to sustainable agriculture, with potentially severe consequences on Indonesia’s agriculture, such as changes in rainfall patterns, especially the onset of the wet season and the temporal distribution of rainfall. Most Indonesian farmers receive support from agricultural extension services, and therefore, design their agricultural calendar based on personal experience without considering global climate phenomena, such as La Niña and El Niño, which difficult to interpret on a local scale. This paper describes the Integrated Cropping Calendar Information System (ICCIS) as a mechanism for adapting to climate variability. The ICCIS contains recommendations on planting time, cropping pattern, planting area, varieties, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, potential livestock feed, and crop damage due to climate extremes for rice, maize, and soybean. To accelerate the dissemination of information, the ICCIS is presented in an integrated web-based information system. The ICCIS is disseminated to extension workers and farmers by Task Force of the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) located in each province. Based on the survey results, it is known that the ICCIS adoption rate is moderate to high. The AIAT must actively encourage and support the ICCIS Task Force team in each province. Concerning the technological recommendations, it is necessary to update the recommendations for varieties, fertilizer, and feed to be more compatible with local conditions. More accurate information and more intensive dissemination can enrich farmers’ knowledge, allowing for a better understanding of climate hazards and maintaining agricultural production.

This study examines the impact of firm reputation and CEO experience to company performance after merger and acquisition. The sample of this research are companies listing on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and register their M&A action to the Indonesian Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition. The time frame for selecting data is from 2014 to 2019. The research data are tested and analyzed with multiple linear regression methods on SPSS Software by using 110 sample data. The results of the data test prove that the acquisition experience in the same industry and the measurement of the company's capitalization reputation have a significant positive impact on company performance. Following the concept of knowledge transfer theory and organizational theory, acquisition in same industry will increasing company value and performance in competing with other competitors with more focused and can create cost saving. These will have an effect on company performance by get a good response in public and achieve a competitive advantage. Novelty of this research provides a new insight for firm reputation measurement that are still relevant to be used for measure firm reputation.

<p>Droughts and floods due to extreme climate events has caused yield loss in various regions of Indonesia, including the Provinces of Aceh and North Sumatra. An early detection model needs to be developed to anticipate the negative impacts of extreme climate event. The model may describe the association of surplus and rainfall deficits with paddy damage due to drought and flood. We used Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to explore drought and flood characteristics in period 1989-2016. The study aimed: (i) to analyze the relationship between SPI and paddy damage due to drought and flood events, (ii) to analyze the critical value of the duration and intensity of SPI which causes paddy damage, and (iii) to determine which districts were prone to drought and flood in the Provinces of Aceh and North Sumatra. The results concluded that SPI-3 and -6 months can better describe the frequency of drought and rice flooding. In addition, drought on paddy occured mostly if the SPI was smaller than -1 which took place within 4-5 months, whereas flood occured if the SPI was greater than 1. Short duration drought (2-3 months) were observed in five districts in Aceh (2) and North Sumatra (3). On other hand, more flood districts were identified (9 districts).</p>

Carbon dioxide emission on peatland under oil palm plantation were highly varied probably due to many factors involved.  The objectives of the research were to evaluate the effect of distance sampling from center of oil palm tree on Carbon dioxide flux, and  to study the factors that cause variability of carbon dioxide flux on peatland under oil palm plantation.  The study was conducted on peatland at Arang-Arang Village, Kumpek Ulu Sub-District, Muaro Jambi District, Jambi Province, on six year old oil palm plantation.  The study was conducted in the form of observational exploratory.  Emission measurements performed on 5 selected oil palm trees at points within 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 cm from the center of trunk.  Carbon dioxide flux was measured using (IRGA), Li-COR 820.  The results showed that there is significant correlation between the distance of sampling from center of oil palm tree and Carbon dioxide flux.  The farther distance from the tree, Carbon dioxide flux more decreased. Before applying fertilizer, variability of soil fertility was not significantly correlated with the flux of Carbon dioxide, so the difference of Carbon dioxide flux based on distance sampling can be caused by root distribution factor.  After fertilizer application, variability of Carbon dioxide flux under the oil palm tree were beside affected by differences in root distribution, was also greatly influenced by fertilization.Keywords: Carbon dioxide flux, distance sampling, oil palm, peat, root-related respiration [How to Cite: Dariah A, F Agus, E Susanti and Jubaedah. 2013.Relationship between Sampling Distance and Carbon Dioxide Emission under Oil Palm Plantation. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 125-130. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.125][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.125] REFERENCESAgus F, E Handayani, van M Noordwijk, K Idris and S Sabiham.  2010 Root respiration interferes with peat CO2 emission measurement. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 1 - 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia. 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Biomass, distribution, productivity and turnover of the root system.  Elaeis 9: 78-92.Hergoualc’h K and LV Verchot. 2011.  Stocks and fluxes of carbon associated with land use change in Southeast Asian tropical peatlands: A review. Glob Biogeochem Cycl 25. doi:10.1029/2009GB003718.Howarth RW and SG Fisher.  1976.  Carbon, nitrogen, phosporus dynamic during leaf decay in nutrient-enriched stream microecosystems.  Freshwater Biol 6: 221-228.Husen E and F Agus.  2011.  Microbial activities as affected by peat dryness ans ameliorant.  Am J Environ Sci 7: 348-353.Jauhiainen J, A Hooijer and SE Page.  2012.  Carbon dioxide emissions from an Acacia plantation on peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biogeosciences 9: 617–630. DOI:10.5194/bg-9-617-2012.Khalid H, ZZ Zin and JM Anderson.  1999.  Quantification of oil palm biomass and nutrient value in mature planttation.  II Below-ground biomass.  J Oil Palm Res 11: 63-71.Knorr KH, MR Oosterwoud and C Blodau. 2008. 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The issue of anemia in Indonesia still remains a homework for the Ministry of Health, as well as other related sectors.  According to data from the Basic Health Research (Riset Kesehatan Dasar) in 2013, there are 31% female adolescents in Indonesia who suffers from anemia.  However, this number increased to 48.9% according to data from the Basic Health Research in 2018, with the most proportion of anemia found in the 15-24 and 24-34 age groups.  These cases clearly confirms that the health state of adolescents highly determines the success of health development, especially in the effort to establish the quality of the next generation in the future.  This research uses case control design, where the case group population are students at Muhammadiyah Elementary Schools located in the city of Samarinda, East Kalimantan Province, whereas the control group population are students from Islamic Elementary Schools in the city of Samarinda, East Kalimantan Province. The statistic analysis being used is the multiple regression analysis to look for risk factor with the highest effect. This is a retrospective research, that is extracting past variable information from respondents so recall bias, which can cause wrong information, is at risk of occurance.  Furthermore, the bias that might occur is that  the respondent is bias by giving false answers.  Another mistake is in the form of other cofounding variables not included in the research, which results in risk estimation value error.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Efek negatif pemanasan global akan mempengaruhi sebagian besar organisme hidup termasuk hama penyakit tanaman. Variabel iklim seperti suhu, curah hujan, kelembaban, dan atmosfer gas akan berinteraksi dengan makhluk hidup/tanaman dengan berbagai cara dengan mekanisme yang beragam. Perubahan suhu dan konsentrasi CO2 mempengaruhi mahkluk hidup/tanaman secara langsung dalam hal jaringan dan alokasi fotosintesis organ spesifik dan secara tidak langsung melalui perubahan distribusi geografis dan dinamika populasi hama penyakit tanaman. Peningkatan suhu akan menyebabkan serangga/hama menjadi lebih berlimpah, ada kaitan kuat antara ledakan (outbreak) hama penyakit tanaman dengan variabiltas iklim. Model hubungan parameter iklim dengan serangan hama penyakit tanaman dapat digunakan sebagai teknologi adaptasi peringatan dini untuk mencegah terjadinya serangan hama penyakit tanaman, agar kehilangan hasil tanaman dapat ditekan. Konsep tulisan ini adalah pentingnya membangun peringatan dini serangan OPT berbasis model persamaan iklim dengan serangan OPT, sehingga data prediksi iklim dapat dimanfaatkan, dan kehilangan hasil akibat serangan OPT dapat ditekan. Selain itu agar sistem dapat berkembang dan berkisinambungan pembangunan sistem peringatan dini perlu integrasi beberapa instansi terkait, yaitu Kementerian Pertanian dan Universitas sebagai penyusun model prediksi dan BMKG sebagai penyedia data prediksi iklimnya.</p>

Droughts have severe consequences for rice crops in Indonesia, as these occur annually and increase during El Niño phenomena. Accordingly, paddy drought assessment is necessary for developing adaptation strategies for successful crop production. We conducted a detailed assessment of paddy drought-climate indices in Indonesia. This was done by looking at the onset and trends of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in a three-month time scale (SPI-3) and exploring their relationship with paddy drought-affected areas. The Cartesian quadrant was used to illustrate the combination of SPI-3 onset and trend on the paddy drought affected area. This gave four different drought risk levels: low, moderate, high, and very high. The hit rate (HR) as the proportion of drought occurrences were correctly hindcast and percent of correct (PC) as the total number of correct hindcast divided by the total number of hindcast was used to verify the accuracy of drought effect prediction on paddy rice. The results demonstrate that the highest accuracy of paddy drought predictions occurred in the peak of dry season in July, while the accuracy of drought and non-drought occurrences (PC) was higher in the non-peak months, April through September, excluding July.