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<p><strong>Abstrak. </strong>Wilayah lahan kering beriklim kering pada umumnya memiliki curah hujan rendah kurang dari 2000 mm/tahun. Keterbatasan air dan kesuburan tanah yang rendah menjadi kendala dalam pengembangan lahan jenis ini. Selain itu kondisi lahan pada umumnya berbukit dan bergunung dengan solum tanah dangkal dan berbatu. Salah satu upaya peningkatan produktivitas lahan ini adalah melalui aplikasi panca kelola lahan kering iklim kering guna mendukung swasembada pangan, meliputi: pengelolaan air; pemupukan berimbang; pengelolaan bahan organik, ameliorasi dan konservasi tanah; integrasi tanaman ternak; dan penguatan kelembagaan tani. Produktivitas lahan dan indeks pertanaman yang rendah di lahan kering iklim kering memungkinkan untuk ditingkatkan melalui pemberian irigasi suplemen. Sumber irigasi suplemen dapat berasal dari bangunan panen air berupa embung, dam parit, long storage, pemanfaatan air sungai, air tanah dangkal dan dalam. Aplikasi irigasi hemat air bagi tanaman sangat diperlukan pada kondisi air terbatas. Pemupukan berimbang dengan teknologi nano; pengelolaan hara terpadu yang mengkombinasikan pupuk anorganik dengan pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati; pemanfaatan limbah tanaman untuk pakan ternak dan sebaliknya kotoran ternak untuk bahan organik bagi tanaman; serta pendampingan dan pembinaan kelembagaan secara intensif perlu dilakukan untuk keberlanjutan pertanian lahan kering iklim kering.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract. </strong>Dryland with dry climate areas generally characterized by low rainfall of less than 2000 mm/year. Water limitations and low soil fertility become obstacles in the development of this type of land. In addition, land conditions are generally have a hilly and mountainous area, shallow solum and rocky soil. One of the efforts to increase land productivity is through the application of five land management of dry land with dry climate area to support food self-sufficiency, such as: water management; balanced fertilization; organic matter management, amelioration and soil conservation; livestock crop integration; and strengthening farmer institutions. Low land productivity and cropping index in dry land with dry climate area makes it possible to increase through the aplication of supplementary irrigation. Sources of supplement irrigation were come from water harvesting infrastructures such as water reservoir, channel reservoir, long storage, river water utilization, shallow and deep ground water. Water saving irrigation are very necessary in limited water conditions. Balanced fertilization with nano technology; integrated nutrient management that combines inorganic fertilizers with organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers; utilization of crop waste for animal feed and vice versa livestock manure for organic material for plants; and intensive institutional assistance and guidance, needs to be carried out for the sustainability of dry land with dry climate agriculture.</p>

Sehubungan dengan kendala keterbatasan air di lahan kering, maka diperlukan irigasi suplementer dengan memanfaatkan potensi sumberdaya air yang ada di wilayah tersebut dengan memanfaatkan beragam teknologi yang mampu mengangkat dan mengalirkan air dari sumbernya ke lahan-lahan pertanian. Untuk itu telah dikembangkan sistem irigasi pompa tenaga surya (SI-PTS) yang tidak tergantung pada tenaga listrik atau bahan bakar lainnya. Penggunaan energi matahari tidak memerlukan listrik, ekstra hemat energi, ramah lingkungan, penggunaannya mudah, efisiensi, kinerja stabil, dan dapat digunakan dalam jangka waktu lama. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendesain SI-PTS yang hemat air dan energi serta menghitung efisiensi irigasi SI-PTS dibandingkan dengan pompa sentrifugal/jetpump yang digunakan petani. Hasil analisis kadar air tanah menujukkan bahwa penggunaan SI-PTS dengan teknik irigasi impact sprinkler (irigasi rekomendasi) mempunyai kadar air tanah relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan irigasi pola petani. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa irigasi rekomendasi relatif lebih efektif dalam mendisitribusikan air baik secara horizontal (sekeliling pertanaman) dan vertikal (ke lapisan perakaran tanaman). Pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah yang direpresentasikan melalui tinggi tanaman menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan irigasi rekomendasi mempunyai rata-rata tinggi tanaman lebih tinggi dari perlakuan irigasi pola petani. Adapun bobot bawang merah total pada irigasi rekomendasi lebih berat bila dibandingkan dengan pola petani. Selain itu penggunaan SI-PTS dapat menghemat konsumsi BBM dari 162,5 liter menjadi 58 liter dan biaya pembelian BBM dari Rp. 1.202.000,-menjadi Rp. 425.500 per hektar per musim, sehingga terjadi penghematan 183%. Lebih lanjut penggunaan SI-PTS dapat menekan emisi GRK yang bersumber dari penggunaan bahan hidrokarbon dari 0,409 ton CO2 menjadi 0,146 ton CO2 sehingga lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk mengembangkan sistem irigasi pompa tenaga surya pada lahan kering terutama pada tanaman ke dua pada musim kering agar distribusi air dari sumbernya dapat dialirkan ke lahan sesuai kebutuhan tanaman dengan efektif, efisien, dan ramah lingkungan.

The growth of the Indonesian population has led to an increase in the demand for rice, which the country has yet to satisfy. Indonesia needs a comprehensive strategy that integrates meaningful efforts to increase its agricultural production. This study aims to review the examined trends in rice yield in Indonesia for 70 years after Indonesia’s independence (1945–2016) followed by the identification of the application technology and factors that contribute to increasing rice yields to forecast sustainable food security scenarios up to 2030. This article reviews the results of research on rice production technology in Indonesia from 1945 to 2016, and the outlook for 2030. This paper examines the main points of the Indonesian transformation of rice technology: improvement of rice varieties, integrated crop management, innovations in agricultural machinery, and the Integrated Cropping Calendar Information System (ICCIS). We found that transformation has helped Indonesia increased its rice yields from 3 t ha−1 prior to 1961 to 4.6 t ha−1 in 1985, stagnated in 1990, and increased again in 2017 to 5,46 t ha−1. The increase in yield was sustained by an increase in the harvested area owing to cropping index (CI) innovation. Food security and sustainable development remain the primary goals of Indonesia’s agricultural sector. The application of appropriate technologies and institutional innovations can assist Indonesia in achieving its food security. Therefore, the transformation of technological innovations will continue to be an essential driver of future agricultural growth, including greater use of crop varieties, machinery, and land/institutional reforms.

In the future, Indonesia will become increasingly dependent on dryland agriculture. New adaptive technology innovations able to transform drylands into arable land throughout almost the entire year have been developed to anticipate global climate change in tropical areas. This article reviews the results of research on the importance of climate and water management technology to increase the crop index and productivity in Indonesia. We found that irrigation treatment at 80% of the FAO-recommended rate resulted in the highest maize stover yield (around 13.65–14.10 t h−1). Irrigation treatment at 60% of the FAO-recommended rate for soybeans (at 0.24 litre s−1 h−1) produced good-quality soybean seeds. The use of existing water resources can increase the planted area from 1.25 to 1.67 and increase the cropping index during the second planting season in the same area. Agricultural systems based on water management can improve their crop index and productivity, and anticipate climate change to increase farmers’ incomes and wellbeing. Support measures in the form of regulations, legislation, acts, programmes, and policies from central and local governments for land use and management are crucial. The development of infrastructure by establishing water management institutions at the village/farmers’ group levels to allocate irrigation water is a leverage point to develop dryland agricultural systems appropriately and judiciously to assist in sustainable development.

Pembangunan infrastruktur panen air (embung dan bangunan air lainnya) merupakan upaya mengatasi permasalahan penyediaan air irigasi di lahan pertanian di Indonesia. Sesuai Direktif Presiden RI pada acara Rakernas Pembangunan Pertanian di Hotel Bidakara, Jakarta tanggal 5 Januari 2017 dan Pekan Nasional Petani Nelayan ke-15, di Aceh tanggal 6 Mei 2017, Presiden mengamanatkan untuk membangun embung dan penampung air lainnya  sebanyak 30.000 unit. Direktif tersebut ditindaklanjuti dengan rencana diterbitkannya Inpres tentang percepatan pembangunan embung kecil dan bangunan penampung air lainnya tahun 2017. Pembangunan ditujunan untuk tanaman padi sangat bermanfaat dan menguntungkan karena tidak membutuhkan investasi besar.   Pembangunan infrastruktur panen air  dengan layanan seluas 4 juta ha akan diperoleh keuntungan kotor Rp 81,7 T, sehingga pendapatan bersih mencapai Rp. 59,1 T. Sedangkan untuk tanaman jagung diperoleh keuntungan kotor Rp 72,96 T dan pendapatan bersih mencapai Rp. 50,37 T. Demikian pula manfaatnya untuk bawang merah akan menghasilkan penerimaan kotor sebesar Rp. 324,25 T sehingga pendapatan bersih mencapai Rp. 301,67 T.

This study evaluates the result of implementation of water-efficient irrigation technology by using an automated roundshaped emitter, powered by solar cell. In order to determine investment feasibility of the automated system, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Interest (IRR) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) analysis have been conducted. An investment is feasible if the project fulfill the following criteria: (1) NPV is greater than zero, (2) IRR is

Climate change has been affecting agricultural water resources dynamics spatially and temporally. This article presents analysis results of climate change impact on agricultural water availability in Cimanuk Watershed, Indonesia. STREAM was utilized to model agricultural water availability through FAO MOSAICC web application. Climate spatial data time-series were generated using 3 Global Climate Model (GCM), i.e.,: CanESM2, CNRM-CM5, and MPI-ESM-MR following two climate change scenarios of RCP4.5 and 8.5. Model inputs were split into three periods of 1981–2010 (historical), 2010–2039 (near-future), and 2040–2069 (far-future). Historical data model validation showed the efficiency coefficient of the observed and simulated discharge data ratio was 0.68. The results showed a decreasing volumetric water availability from all generated climate data and scenarios, identified by comparing the discharge normal distribution of the historical and future data periods. Whereas, trend analysis of RCP4.5 scenario showed increasing maximum discharge of Cimanuk river using CanESM2 and MPI-ESM-MR GCM’s data, with a Mann–Kendall coefficient of 3.23 and 3.57. These results indicate a different agricultural water balance status within the watershed area, particularly a “very critical” water balance in Indramayu and Majalengka, “critical” in Garut, and “close to critical” in Sumedang Regency.