Relationship between Distance Sampling and Carbon Dioxide Emission under Oil Palm Plantation

Abstract

Carbon dioxide emission on peatland under oil palm plantation were highly varied probably due to many factors involved. The objectives of the research were to evaluate the effect of distance sampling from center of oil palm tree on Carbon dioxide flux, and to study the factors that cause variability of carbon dioxide flux on peatland under oil palm plantation. The study was conducted on peatland at Arang-Arang Village, Kumpek Ulu Sub-District, Muaro Jambi District, Jambi Province, on six year old oil palm plantation. The study was conducted in the form of observational exploratory. Emission measurements performed on 5 selected oil palm trees at points within 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 cm from the center of trunk. Carbon dioxide flux was measured using (IRGA), Li-COR 820. The results showed that there is significant correlation between the distance of sampling from center of oil palm tree and Carbon dioxide flux. The farther distance from the tree, Carbon dioxide flux more decreased. Before applying fertilizer, variability of soil fertility was not significantly correlated with the flux of Carbon dioxide, so the difference of Carbon dioxide flux based on distance sampling can be caused by root distribution factor. After fertilizer application, variability of Carbon dioxide flux under the oil palm tree were beside affected by differences in root distribution, was also greatly influenced by fertilization.Keywords: Carbon dioxide flux, distance sampling, oil palm, peat, root-related respiration [How to Cite: Dariah A, F Agus, E Susanti and Jubaedah. 2013.Relationship between Sampling Distance and Carbon Dioxide Emission under Oil Palm Plantation. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 125-130. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.125][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.125] REFERENCESAgus F, E Handayani, van M Noordwijk, K Idris and S Sabiham. 2010 Root respiration interferes with peat CO2 emission measurement. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. 1 - 6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia. Published on DVD.Amador JA and RD Jones. 1993. Nutrient limitation on microbial respiration in peat soil with diffrent total phosphorus content. Soil Biol Biochem 25: 793-801.Franklin O, P Hoogberg, A Ekbled and GI Agren. 2003. Pine forest floor carbon accumulation in response to N and PK addition: Bomb C-14 modeling and respiration studies. Ecosystem 6: 644-658. Freeman C, N Ostle and H Kang. 2001. An Enzymic ‘latch’ on global carbon store-a shortage of oxigen locks up carbon in peatlands by restraining a single enzyme. Nature 409: 149-149.Hanson PJ, NT Edwards, CT Garten and JA Andrew. 2000. Separating root and soil microbial contributions to soil respiration: A review of methods and observations. Biogeochemistry 48: 115-146.Henson IE, and SH Chai. 1997. Analysis of oil palm productivity. II. Biomass, distribution, productivity and turnover of the root system. Elaeis 9: 78-92.Hergoualc’h K and LV Verchot. 2011. Stocks and fluxes of carbon associated with land use change in Southeast Asian tropical peatlands: A review. Glob Biogeochem Cycl 25. doi:10.1029/2009GB003718.Howarth RW and SG Fisher. 1976. Carbon, nitrogen, phosporus dynamic during leaf decay in nutrient-enriched stream microecosystems. Freshwater Biol 6: 221-228.Husen E and F Agus. 2011. Microbial activities as affected by peat dryness ans ameliorant. Am J Environ Sci 7: 348-353.Jauhiainen J, A Hooijer and SE Page. 2012. Carbon dioxide emissions from an Acacia plantation on peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biogeosciences 9: 617–630. DOI:10.5194/bg-9-617-2012.Khalid H, ZZ Zin and JM Anderson. 1999. Quantification of oil palm biomass and nutrient value in mature planttation. II Below-ground biomass. J Oil Palm Res 11: 63-71.Knorr KH, MR Oosterwoud and C Blodau. 2008. Experimental drought alters rates of soil respiration and methanogenesis but not carbon exchange in soil of a temperate fen. Soil Biol Biochem 40: 1781-1791.Law BE, FM Kelliher, DD Baldocchi, PM Anthoni, J. Irvine, D. Moore and SV Tuyl. 2001. Spatial and temporal variation in respiration in a young ponderosa pine forest during a summer drought. Agric Forest Meteorol 110: 27-43.Laiho R, J Laine, CC Trettin and L Finner. 2004. Scot pine litter decomposition along drainage succession and soil nutrient gradient in peat land forest, and the effect of inter-annual weather variation. Soil Biol Biochem 36: 1095-1109.Madsen R, L Xu, B Claassen and D McDermit. 2009. Surface monitoring method for carbon capture and storage projects. Energy Procedia 1: 2161-2168Martoyo K. 1992. Kajian Sifat Fisik Tanah Podsolik untuk Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis gueneensis Jacq) di Sumatera Utara. Tesis Program Pasca Sarjana, Universitas Gajah Mada. Yogyakarta (in Indonesian).Melling L, R Hatano and KJ Goh. 2007. Nitrous oxide emissions from three ecosystem in tropical peatlands of Sarawak, Malaysia. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 53: 792-805.Minkkinen K, J Laine, NJ Shurpali, P Makiranta, J Alm and T Pentilla. 2007. Heterotropic soil respiration in forestry-drained peatland. Boreal Environ Res 12: 115-126. Murdiyarso D, K Hergoualc’h K and LV Verchot. 2010 Opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in tropical peatlands. PNAS 107: 19655-19660.Olsen R, S Linden, R Giesler, and P Hogberg. 2005. Fertilization of boreal forest reduce of both autrotrophic dan heterotrophic soil respiration . Glob Change Biol 11: 1745-1753.Silvola J, J Valijoki and H Aaltonen. 1985. Effect of draining and fertilization on soil respiration at three ameliorated peatland site. Acta For Fem 191: 1-32.Silvola J, J Alm, U Aklholm, H Nykanen and PJ Martikainen. 1996a. Carbon dioxide fluxes from peat in boreal mires under varying temperature and moisture condition. J Ecol 84: 219-228.Silvola J, J Alm, U. Ahlholm, H Nykanen, and PJ Martikainen. 1996b. The contribution of plant roots to carbon dioxide fluxes from organic soils. Biol Fertil Soils 23: 126-131.Wang W, K Ohseb and J Liuc. 2005. Contribution of root respiration to soil respiration in a C3/C4 mixed grassland. J Bioscience 30: 507-514.

Soil Carbon Dioxide (Co2) Efflux Rate and Oil Palm Yield From Different Peat Types in Sarawak, Malaysia

“…There was a significant difference in soil CO 2 efflux between the plots at p-value < 0.001. The soil CO 2 efflux rates in this study were within the range of soil CO 2 emission reported by other studies of oil palm plantations on tropical peat swamp forest using the closed chamber technique (Ishikura et al, 2018;Hergoualc'h et al, 2017;Husnain et al, 2014;Wigena et al, 2014;Marwanto and Agus, 2014;Dariah et al, 2013;Comeau et al, 2013;IPB, 2011). Previous studies reported the total soil respiration of oil palm plantation on peat ranged between 38 mg ha -1 yr -1 (Ishikura et al, 2018) to 104 mg ha -1 yr -1 (Comeau et al, 2013).…”

“…Studies reported by some researchers (Melling et al, 2004;2005;IPB, 2011) showed results of soil CO 2 emission measured at oil palm sites (4-5 years after planting) ranging from 56.5-85.0 mg ha -1 yr -1 . Results of soil CO 2 efflux from this study were comparable with a soil CO 2 flux measurement using the closed-chamber method with IRGA (LICOR 820) conducted by Dariah et al (2013) on 6-year-old oil palm plantation located at Jambi, Indonesia with the magnitude of 67.36 mg ha -1 yr -1 after one month of fertilisation. The average total soil respiration reported in their study ranged from 48.16-99.27 mg ha -1 yr -1 over a period of seven months of measurement.…”

“…This suggests that more oil palm roots density was found in Naman plot than Kenyana plot which contributed to autotrophic respiration. Plant growth stage affects the root respiration that has a significant contribution to total soil respiration (Dariah et al, 2013). Research conducted by Khalid et al (1999) and Henson and Chai (1997) have shown that high root density was found closer to the oil palm trunk and thus resulted in higher total soil respiration than further away from palm trunks (Swails et al, 2018;Manning et al, 2017;Comeau et al, 2016;Dariah et al, 2014).…”

Potensial Redoks Tanah Sebagai Penduga Respirasi Heterotrof Dari Lahan Gambut Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Di Riau

“…Nilai estimasi flux CO2 yang diperoleh dari persamaan tersebut dianggap tidak relevan karena terlalu berlebih (overestimated). Hubungan antar kedua parameter tersebut juga masih menunjukkan inkonsistensi, yaitu bersifat signifikan positif (Dariah et al, 2013a;Moore dan Dalva, 1993), signifikan negatif (Hirano et al, 2014;Sarmah et al, 2014;Furukawa et al, 2005), atau tidak signifikan (Jauhiainen et al, 2008). Inkonsistensi tersebut menunjukkan lemahnya tingkat hubungan dan keterkaitan antara tinggi muka air tanah dengan flux CO2, terutama apabila nilai flux CO2 yang digunakan adalah hasil pengukuran respirasi tanah (RS).…”

Water level and soil moisture monitoring for peatland fire risk indicator

“…In general, peatland's GHG emissions and fire risk can be minimized if groundwater levels are maintained as shallowly as possible. Previous research have shown that maintaining a relatively shallow groundwater level would significantly reduce peatland's GHG emissions [7][8][9][10], although this condition is not suitable for all types of plants. For oil palm, for example, the ideal water level is about 50-70 cm [11].…”