Metode:Jenis penelitian ini adalah explanatory research dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling dari seluruh populasi penyemprot pestisida di Kecamatan Berastagi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara langsung. Variabel yang diteliti adalahrisiko penggunaan pestisida berdasarkan lama kerja, waktu kerja, jenis pestisida dan proses penggunaan pestisida yaitu pencampuran pestisida, penyemprotan pestisida, dan penyimpanan pestisida. Hasil yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji Chi square. Hasil:Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang significant antara jenis pestisida yang digunakan (p value = 0,021), lama kerja (p value=0,002), dan frekuensi lama penyemprotan (jam/hari) dengan p value = 0,018 dengan keluhan kesehatan yang dirasakan petani penyemprot pestisida. Penggunaan alat semprot yang berpotensi terjadi kontak langsung dengan pestisida tidak memiliki hubungan yang significant dengan keluhan kesehatan yang dirasakan petani. Sama halnya dengan frekuensi penyemprotan juga tidak memiliki hubungan dengan keluhan kesehatan. Petani penyemprot pestisida di Kecamatan Berastagi berisiko mengalami keracunan pestisida melalui kontak langsung akibat tidak menggunakan pelindung ISSN: 1978 -0575 KESMAS Vol. 9, No. 1, Maret 2015 80 diri yang lengkap dan penggunaan pestisida yang tidak tepat yaitu mulai dari proses penyimpanan yang dekat dengan dapur dan terkena sinar matahari, proses pencampuran dimana masih ada petani yang mencampur pestisida di wadah dengan menggunakan tangan, proses penyemprotan yang tidak memperhatikan arah angin, hingga pembuangan wadah pestisida habis pakai yang sembarang di lahan perkebunan. Kesimpulan:Terdapat hubungan antara jenis pestisida, lama kerja dan frekuensi lama penyemprotan. Tidak ada hubungan jenis alat penyemprot dan frekuensi penyemprotan. Disarankan agar petani diberi penyuluhan dan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kepatuhan dalam penggunaan pestisida yang aman dan tepat dan sesuai prosedur. Di samping itu perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan untuk mencegah efek keracunan pestisida.Kata Kunci: pestisida, petani penyemprot, proses penggunaan pestisida, keracunan pestisida

BACKGROUND: The pesticide use is one of the agriculture intensifications which have advantages in production but given the negative impact on health like pesticide toxicity. The pesticide usage that improper and not accordance with the procedure is in line with the number of toxicity among farmers. AIM: This study aimed to analyze the determinants of unsafe behavior in pesticide usage among horticulture farmers at Sumber Mufakat village. METHODS: This research used a mixed-method with 505 farmers as population. The quantitative and qualitative data given from 83 horticulture farmer as sample size and reached by simple random sampling technique. The sample is distributed representative on nine hamlets that divided into two main areas Sumbul and Berhala. Data collected by in-depth interview and focus group discussion based on behavioral determinants according to predisposing factor, enabling factor, and reinforcing factor. The qualitative data were analyzed in the domain of Lawrence Green’s concept and quantitatively analyzed using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The results found that the predisposing factors of knowledge, attitude, habit, culture, and social status are significance with unsafe behavior although some farmers show the negative action that not suitable with the attitude. There is a significant association between enabling factor in available of personal protection equipment and pesticides, working tools, and health facilities with unsafe behavior. Even though the farmers rarely being used the health facilities cause using traditional medicine to treat their symptoms of toxicity. The reinforcing factor such as supporting of the community leader, partner, and stakeholders has significantly associated with unsafe behavior even though the observations showed the lack of socialization and supervision in pesticide usage. CONCLUSION: It concluded that unsafe behavior in pesticide use caused by the lack of knowledge of farmers, the lack of supervision, and support from related parties. Farmers have their own decisions on pesticide use and no sustain supervision among the farmer. It recommended to empowering the community to increase the collaboration between farmers and government with the same vision to solve the toxicity of pesticide risk in social movement formed.

The problem at informal sector in particular for farmer when used the pesticides. In Sumber Mufakat village the farmers always use the pesticides without using the safety equipment and have direct contact with the pesticides exposure. The purpose of this research was to apply the safety talk and check method as prevention method to solve the pesticides toxicity that asses from safety and health of pesticide use behaviour. This preventive intervention research was using Participatory Action Research (PAR) design.The data collected by observation, quetionaire, and health check list. The population was all holticultura farmers in Sumber Mufakat village that divide in nine farmer's group. The sample collected by using proportional random sampling. The data will analyze by using qualitative descriptive. The result showed that the implication of safety talk and check method could prevent of pesticide exposure that present from safety and health of pesticides use behaviour. To support the action of safety talk method needed to develop one community that care about the farmers with government endorsement. The check method was very helpful the farmers to identify and predict their health. Both of it could be to cultivate the farmer in safety of pesticide used and early discovery of health symptom cause pesticide used.

Abstract-Pesticide using was a problem concern specialized in safety and health aspect. Missing at work method and not in procedure could increasing of health problem specialize to occupational accident and occupational disease.The purpose of this research was to know the health impact of pesticide from pesticide using method at sprayed worker farmer in Sumber Mufakat village Kabanjahe Karo. This is an analytical survey with cross sectional design. Population are all sprayed worker farmer at Sumber Mufakat village amount 125 people and with using Lameshow formula found the sample size in 55 people. Data was collect by interview and direct observation by using documentation and questionnaire. The data will analyze by using chi-square test. The potential method that influence the health impact was in mixing the pesticide where the sprayed worker farmer has direct contact in using the pesticide. The second potential method was in sprayed the pesticide which is always face on the wind blows that bring the pesticide to exposure the sprayed worker farmer. The health impact from pesticide using like dizzy, headache, eyes irritation, musculoskeletal disorder, nausea and fatique. The chi-square test found that p=0.00 means there is a significant relation between the pesticide using method with health impact of sprayed worker farmer.This research conclude that there was a significant relation between pesticide using method with health impact. Recommended for the sprayed worker farmer to prevent themselves by using safety equipment to avoid the direct exposure from pesticide.

Various efforts have been made to reduce pesticide toxicity, but the level of community participation is still quite low. This study aims to analyze the health belief of Karo’s farmer in pesticide toxicity prevention. The sample used the snowball sampling technique and reach 55 participants. Data were collected by in-depth interviews, FGD, and analyzed in qualitative used thematic analysis. The results found that farmers knew the hazard and effects of pesticides, but they ignored all of prevention. They continue to survive using pesticides cause indirect effects and temporary form of pesticides. They will refer to health services if it was eaten or inhaled, with acute effects and this is very rare. These perceived of farmer showed no benefit to prevent the pesticide. Overall, the farmer will participate in the health programmed if it has the real object and has significant changes to the economic and welfare of farmers. It concluded that the model of health belief could be changing the health behavior in pesticide use influences by the pesticide hazard, fluctuating of market price and horticulture products in bigger demand, traditional medicine habit, and government assurance to farmers.

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