Determinants of Unsafe Behavior in Pesticide Usage among Horticulture Farmer

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The pesticide use is one of the agriculture intensifications which have advantages in production but given the negative impact on health like pesticide toxicity. The pesticide usage that improper and not accordance with the procedure is in line with the number of toxicity among farmers.
 AIM: This study aimed to analyze the determinants of unsafe behavior in pesticide usage among horticulture farmers at Sumber Mufakat village.
 METHODS: This research used a mixed-method with 505 farmers as population. The quantitative and qualitative data given from 83 horticulture farmer as sample size and reached by simple random sampling technique. The sample is distributed representative on nine hamlets that divided into two main areas Sumbul and Berhala. Data collected by in-depth interview and focus group discussion based on behavioral determinants according to predisposing factor, enabling factor, and reinforcing factor. The qualitative data were analyzed in the domain of Lawrence Green’s concept and quantitatively analyzed using the Chi-square test.
 RESULTS: The results found that the predisposing factors of knowledge, attitude, habit, culture, and social status are significance with unsafe behavior although some farmers show the negative action that not suitable with the attitude. There is a significant association between enabling factor in available of personal protection equipment and pesticides, working tools, and health facilities with unsafe behavior. Even though the farmers rarely being used the health facilities cause using traditional medicine to treat their symptoms of toxicity. The reinforcing factor such as supporting of the community leader, partner, and stakeholders has significantly associated with unsafe behavior even though the observations showed the lack of socialization and supervision in pesticide usage.
 CONCLUSION: It concluded that unsafe behavior in pesticide use caused by the lack of knowledge of farmers, the lack of supervision, and support from related parties. Farmers have their own decisions on pesticide use and no sustain supervision among the farmer. It recommended to empowering the community to increase the collaboration between farmers and government with the same vision to solve the toxicity of pesticide risk in social movement formed.

Safe action in using pesticide among farmers: A scoping review

“…The lack of knowledge of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) related to pesticides can also damage the environment through spraying and soil seepage activities. The study by Ali et al (2018); Berni et al (2021); Mahyuni et al (2020); Oztas et al (2018) reported that many respondents in their study had less education and also high illiteracy rates pesticideusing farmers. Therefore, it poses an increased health risk in some developing countries, such as Egypt at 55%, Kenya at 24%, and China at 22.8% (Ibitayo, 2006;Kimani & Mwanthi, 1995;Yang et al, 2014).…”

“…Furthermore, the study by Bhandari et al (2018) about safe work behavior in farmers shows that individuals are less likely to follow suggestions for healthy behavior if they do not feel the benefits of the behavior. This then makes the perception that benefits affect safe work behavior and is The most important thing for creating safe practices for using pesticides is the knowledge described in previous studies (Ali et al, 2018;Berni et al, 2021;Fan et al, 2015;Gesesew et al, 2016;Hashim et al, 2020;Mahyuni et al, 2020;Miyittah et al, 2020;Rostami et al, 2019), which states that knowledge about the use of pesticides has a significant role. This indicates that to promote safe pesticide handling practices, farmers' knowledge about pesticide usage should be the primary focus of interventions, which should be complemented by skills, technology, proper applications, and infrastructure.…”

“…Most often reported pesticide-related poisoning symptoms were migraine (73.8%), skin rashes (62.3%), eye pain (32.8%), fatigue (22.4%), and muscle pain (19.1 percent) (Bhandari et al, 2018). In fact, pesticide poisoning ranks in the top five nationally in Indonesia (Mahyuni et al, 2020).…”

The Spatial Distribution of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Kabanjahe District, Karo Regency, Indonesia

“…Exposure to a cold environment and humid residential conditions accompanied by the behavior of using pesticides while smoking allows the people of this area to have the potential to develop Tb. Most Tb sufferers are in the productive working age group, weak economic group, and low education [33], [34], [35], [36], [37].…”

Effectivity of hand soap gel ethanol extract acem acem leaves (Oxalis dehradunensis Raizada) as pesticide cleaner: Experimental study in Indonesian farmers

“…To reduce the exposure, the farmer used the wild plant called acem acem leaves or Oxalis dehradunensis Raizada as a medium to clean the soil impurities and pesticides. [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ]…”