Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a new pest in maize plants in Indonesia. This insect is originally from America and has spread to several countries causing yield losses. In the early 2019, this pests has attacked maize plants in the Sumatra region. This study aimed to know the presence of S. frugiperda in Bandung, Garut and Sumedang region. Surveys and observations were conducted in 14 subdistricts (6 subdistricts in Bandung, 6 subdistricts in Garut, and 2 subdistricts in Sumedang). The results showed that S. frugiperda has attacked maize plants in Bandung (Soreang), Garut (Leles, Banyuresmi, and Sucinaraja), and Sumedang (Jatinangor). Identification based on the typical morphological characters found in S. frugiperda larvae, such as the form of "Y" inverted on the head capsule and the patterns of black spots on the abdominal segments (square and trapezoidal forms). S. frugiperda larvae attacked plant growing points but the population was still low. The damage caused by S. frugiperda on maize was very similar to that caused by Mythimna separata, which was commonly found in the survey location of Bandung and Garut. It was looked different, the abundance of S. frugiperda larvae in Cilayung, Sumedang district was quite high. AbstrakKasus Serangan Ulat Grayak Jagung Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada Tanaman Jagung di Kabupaten Bandung, Garut dan Sumedang, Jawa Barat

Population of soil palm weevil pollinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST and its impact on fruit setvalue at clay, sandy and peat soil types in central Kalimantan, di IndonesiaOil palm weevil pollinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust plays an important role in the increasing oilpalm fruit set value. Along with the development of oil palm, fruit set problems occurred in recentdecades in some parts of Indonesia. An experiment was carried out on a seven years old oil palmplantation located at Selangkun Estate, Kotawaringin Barat, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia to find outthe influence of population E. kamerunicus on pollination efficiency at clay, sandy and peat soil types.Relative to other soil types, a high weevil population on male (50,811 weevils/ha ; 72 weevils/spikelet)and female (219 weevils) inflorescences had been recorded at clay soil. Fruit set value on clay soil 58.9%and significantly different with sandy soil of 49.8% and peat soil of 46.4%. Population E. kamerunicusper ha influenced fruit set value at clay, sandy and peat soil types. Number of E. kamerunicus visitedfemale inflorescences did not influenced fruit set value at clay, sandy and peat soil types.Keywords: Clay soil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus, fruit set, peat soil, population, sandy soil ABSTRAKSerangga penyerbuk kelapa sawit Elaeidobius kamerunicus FAUST berperan penting dalam peningkatannilai fruit set kelapa sawit. Seiring dengan perkembangan kelapa sawit, adanya permasalahan nilai fruitset telah terjadi dalam beberapa kurun waktu di beberapa wilayah Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan diperkebunan kelapa sawit yang telah berumur tujuh tahun, berlokasi di Selangkung, Kotawaringin Barat,Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh populasi E. Kamerunicusterhadap efisiensi penyerbukan pada tipe tanah liat, pasir dan gambut. Berdasarkan tipe tanahdilaporkan bahwa tingginya populasi kumbang pada bunga jantan yaitu (50.811 kumbang/ha; 72kumbang/spikelet) dan bunga betina yang sedang mekar (219 kumbang) pada tipe tanah berliat.Adapun, nilai fruit set pada tanah liat sebesar 58,9% dan berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan tanahberpasir (49,8%) dan gambut (46,4%). Populasi E. kamerunicus per ha berpengaruh terhadap nilai fruitset pada tipe tanah liat, pasir dan gambut. Namun, jumlah E. kamerunicus yang mengunjungi bungabetina yang sedang mekar tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai fruit set pada tipe tanah liat, pasir dangambut.Kata Kunci : Elaeidobius kamerunicus, Fruit set , Populasi, Tanah Gambut, Tanah liat, Tanah Pasir

An examination of insect resistance was determined by several steps, i.e. standard sensitivity, resistance diagnosis, and determination of resistance level. Each phase was tested with feeding and residue contact methods at glass tube. Resistance ratio (RR) was determined by comparing LC50 value of field population with standard population. Field population of C. pavonana was classified resistant if it had RR 5 4. Biochemistry analysis of resistance was conducted to population of C. pavonana showing resistance to prophenophos insecticide. The activity analysis of acetylcholine esterase (ACHE), esterase, and Glutation Stransferase was done with spectrophotometer method. Insect which are resistant to prophenophos insecticide was tested for its sensitivity to Barringtonia asiatica seed extract. Result indicated that C. pavonana population from Pengalengan showed resistance to prophenophos synthetic insecticide. Using contact test, the highest resistance ratio value was 4.04, while by feeding assay the RR was 2.78. The study on biochemical resistance mechanisms of each field population of C. pavonana showed various activities of enzymatic detoxification. This could be due to the difference in the kind of insecticides exposed to each field population of C. pavonana. Since RR value from the contact test was higher than that of the feeding test, the resistance development of C. pavonana to synthetic insecticides was probably caused by physiological and biochemical changes in insect cuticle rather than the activity of detoxification enzyme. Methanolic seed extract of B. asiatica can be used as an alternative of resistance management of C. pavonana to prophenophos synthetic insecticide.

Bioactivity Formulation of Seed Neem Oil Azadirachta indica (A.Juss) against Spodoptera litura (F)The purpose of this research was to know the influence of neem seed extract formulation (Azadin 50 EC) on the mortality, larvae development, larvae weight, and food consumption of Armyworm (Spodoptera litura). This research used randomized complete design with 6 treatments and 5 replications, i.e. control, formula at concentration of 0.2%, 0.4%; 0.8%; 1.6%; and 3.2%. Correlation of concentration neem seed oil formulation and mortality of test insect was analysed using probit analysis, weight of test larvae presented in mean and standard deviation, and development time and food consumption of test larvae analysed with analysis of varians. Formula Azadin 50 EC had LC50 value of 0.659% (0.550-0.781%) at 12 days after treatment. The mortality increased significantly in pupae stage that caused LC50 value become 0.152%. The formula prolonged development time, decrease the weight of test insect and decrease food consumption by the larvae.Keywords: Lethal concentration, Mortality, Growth derangement, ExtractABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perlakuan formulasi minyak biji mimba Azadin 50 EC terhadap mortalitas, perkembangan larva, bobot larva dan konsumsi pakan ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura F.). Metode Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dengan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut yaitu : Kontrol, konsentrasi formula minyak mimba Azadin 50 EC 0,2%; 0,4%; 0,8%; 1,6% dan 3,2%. Hubungan mortalitas dengan konsentrasi formula dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit, sedangkan data bobot larva, konsumsi pakan dan waktu perkembangan larva dianalisis dengan sidik ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula minyak biji A. Indica memiliki nilai LC50 sebesar 0,659% (0,550-0,781%) terhadap larva instar 2 hingga instar 4. Pada fase pupa kematian kembali meningkat tajam sehingga nilai LC50 menjadi 0,152%. Perlakuan formula tersebut mengakibatkan perpanjangan waktu perkembangan, menurunkan bobot, dan menurunkan konsumsi pakan larva uji.Kata Kunci: Konsentrasi letal, Mortalitas, Gangguan perkembangan, Ekstrak

An important pest in corn plantation recently reported in Indonesia was Spodoptera frugiperda, a polyphagous pest that have a fast spread rate and caused high damage on young corn. One control that able to use is botanical insecticide. This experiment aims to determine the toxicity of neem, jatropha, clove, and citronella oil (concentrations of 0.1% and 0.05%) against S. frugiferda in corn. Tests carried out using the feeding assay or residue on corn leaves (size 5 x 5 cm). Then, the leaf treatment was given to 10 larvae of S. frugiferda (instars 2) for 48 hours. After that, the feed replaced with untreated feed. The test results showed that concentration neem oil of 0.1% caused the highest mortality of S. frugiferda. Neem oil exposure is also able to inhibit the time of larval development, reduce the percentage of feed consumption, and the weight of pupa the S. frugiferda. Other vegetable oils exposure gave lower mortality in the test insects and some treatments were not significantly different from the controls on the parameters of larval development, pupae weight, and percentage of feed consumption. Neem oils showed strong toxicity against S. frugiperda larvae with  Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) of 0.079 % (CI (95%) 0.066 – 0.095%) and LC95 of 0.338% (CI (95%) 0.024-0.567%).

Ekstrak biji Barringtonia asiatica (Lecythidaceae) memiliki aktivitas insektisida, namun pengaruhnya terhadap fekunditas Crocidolomia pavonana (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) belum diketahui. Percobaan uji toksisitas dilakukan urituk mendapatkan nilai LC50 dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri aras perlakuan ekstrak biji B. asiatica pada konsentrasi 0.02%: 0.05%: 0,1%: 0.2%; 0.3%: dan kontrol. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Pengujian dilakultan dengan menggunakan metode residu pada daun sawi pakan. Uji pengaruh ekstrak biji B. asiatica terhadap fekunditas C. pavonana dilakukan dengan metode residu pada daun sawi pakan ke dalam ekstrak biji B asiatica pada konsentrasi 0.09%; 0,15%; 0,22% - (setara dengan LC30, LC50, LC70); dan kontrol. Imago yang berkembang dari larva yang diberi pakan perlakuan diamati fekunditasnya. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji B. asiatica bersifat toksik terhadap larva C. pavonana dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 0,15% dan memiliki pengaruh sebagai penghambat aktivitas makan (antifidan). Ekstrak biji B. asiatica pada selang konsentrasi 0,09%-0.22% yang diberikan pada larva C. pavonana berpengaruh terhadap waktu pembentukkan telur, produksi telur, masa oviposisi, dan fertilitas dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol.

Penelitian rumah plastik ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepadatan populasi hama kutu daun persik (Myzus persicae Sulz.), tingkat kerusakan daun dan kehilangan hasil cabai merah (Capsicum annuum). Delapan taraf kepadatan populasi M. persicae (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, dan 128 ekor / tanaman) masing-masing diinfestasikan pada tanaman cabai pada fase pertumbuhan awal dan fase pembungaan awal.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  populasi M. persicae dan tingkat kerusakan daun oleh hama tersebut berhubungan erat dengan kehilangan hasil cabai merah. Pada tanaman yang diinfestasi M. persicae saat fase pertumbuhan awal, hubungan antara kepadatan populasi (X) dengan kehilangan hasil (Y) mengikuti persamaan garis regresi Y = 19,1865 + 0,3568 X dengan keefektifan menduga sebesar 73,85% dan koefisien kerusakan sebesar 0,8724 g/ekor. Persamaan garis untuk tanaman yang diinfestasi M. persicae saat fase pembungaan awal adalah Y = 19,8504 + 0,3181X dengan keefektifan menduga  62,18 % dan koefisien kerusakan 0,7179 g/ekor. Hubungan antara tingkat kerusakan daun dengan kehilangan hasil pada tanaman cabai yang diinfestasi M. persicae saat fase pertumbuhan awal mengikuti persamaan garis regresi Y = 25,93 + 64,51 X1 + 0,26  X2 – 2,27 X3 {(Y = kehilangan hasil (%); X1 = tingkat kerusakan daun oleh M. persicae (%); X2 = populasi awal M. persicae (ekor/tanaman) dan X3 = waktu pengamatan (minggu setelah infestasi)} dengan  keefektifan menduga 78,75 % dan koefisien kerusakan 1,577 g/% kerusakan daun. Persamaan garis untuk tanaman cabai yang diinfestasi M. persicae saat fase pembungaan awal adalah Y = 25,59 + 1164,87 X1 + 0,08 X2 – 4,60 X3, dengan keefektifan menduga 79,18 % dan koefisien kerusakan 3,72  g/% kerusakan daun.

A new synthetic analog of bufadienolide, methyl isobryophyllinate A (1), and a known synthetic analog, methyl isobersaldegenate-1,3,5-orthoacetate (2), were obtained by methanolysis of bryophyllin A (3) and bersaldegenin-1,3,5-orthoacetate (5) in basic solution. Structure-insecticidal activity relationship studies revealed both orthoacetate and -pyrone moieties seemed to be essential structural elements for exhibiting insecticidal activity, whereas oxygenated substituents in the C ring enhanced the insecticidal activity against the third instar larvae of silkworm (Bombyx mori).