Bioactivity Formulation of Seed Neem Oil Azadirachta indica (A.Juss) against Spodoptera litura (F)The purpose of this research was to know the influence of neem seed extract formulation (Azadin 50 EC) on the mortality, larvae development, larvae weight, and food consumption of Armyworm (Spodoptera litura). This research used randomized complete design with 6 treatments and 5 replications, i.e. control, formula at concentration of 0.2%, 0.4%; 0.8%; 1.6%; and 3.2%. Correlation of concentration neem seed oil formulation and mortality of test insect was analysed using probit analysis, weight of test larvae presented in mean and standard deviation, and development time and food consumption of test larvae analysed with analysis of varians. Formula Azadin 50 EC had LC50 value of 0.659% (0.550-0.781%) at 12 days after treatment. The mortality increased significantly in pupae stage that caused LC50 value become 0.152%. The formula prolonged development time, decrease the weight of test insect and decrease food consumption by the larvae.Keywords: Lethal concentration, Mortality, Growth derangement, ExtractABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perlakuan formulasi minyak biji mimba Azadin 50 EC terhadap mortalitas, perkembangan larva, bobot larva dan konsumsi pakan ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura F.). Metode Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dengan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut yaitu : Kontrol, konsentrasi formula minyak mimba Azadin 50 EC 0,2%; 0,4%; 0,8%; 1,6% dan 3,2%. Hubungan mortalitas dengan konsentrasi formula dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit, sedangkan data bobot larva, konsumsi pakan dan waktu perkembangan larva dianalisis dengan sidik ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula minyak biji A. Indica memiliki nilai LC50 sebesar 0,659% (0,550-0,781%) terhadap larva instar 2 hingga instar 4. Pada fase pupa kematian kembali meningkat tajam sehingga nilai LC50 menjadi 0,152%. Perlakuan formula tersebut mengakibatkan perpanjangan waktu perkembangan, menurunkan bobot, dan menurunkan konsumsi pakan larva uji.Kata Kunci: Konsentrasi letal, Mortalitas, Gangguan perkembangan, Ekstrak
Geminivirus has a wide host range including cultivated plants and weeds. Infected weeds may play an important role in disease epidemic. Unfortunately, little is known about weeds species that may serve as alternative host for Geminivirus. This research was conducted to identify Geminivirus on weeds around chili pepper field to study their potential role as virus reservoir. Field surveys were conducted to chilli pepper growing area inWest and Central Java Provinces, and The Special Province of Yogyakarta during 2009 to collect symptomatic weed plants. Geminivirus infection was detected using PCR technique from 9 weed samples, i.e. 5 samples Ageratum conyzoides from Bogor (AgrBgr), Sukabumi (AgrSkm), Magelang (AgrMgl), Sleman (AgrJgy), and Garut (AgrGrt); Centipeda minima from Magelang (CtpMgl); A. boehmerioides from Sleman (AcpJgy); Porophyllum ruderale from Bogor (PrlBgr); Spilanthes iabadicensis from Magelang (SplMgl). Further genetic analysis showed that those geminiviruses can be differentiated into 2 clusters, showing the possible genetic differences among them. They neither have a close relationship with other geminiviruses published earlier in the GenBank, indicating weed infecting collected Geminivirus in this study is possibly a distinct Geminivirus
The awareness of importance of pest control technology environmentally friendly encourage to explore bioactive compound especially from plant. Some of plant bioactive compound had formulated to increase the effectiveness and easy of the use. The aim of this research is to know the most effective concentration of liquid formulation of Kalanchoe pinnata leaf extract 50 EC and Azadirachta indica seed extract 50 EC against S. litura.
Crocidolomia pavonana is the main pest of Brassicaceae family. Barringtonia asiatica, Melia azedarach and Annona muricata are plants that have a potency for insect pest control. Their insecticidal activities include poisoning, antifeeding and inhibiting the growth of larvae. This study aimed to determine insecticidal activities of seed extracts of B. asiatica, M. azedarach and A. muricata and their mixtures against C. pavonana F.. Experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Pesticide and Application Techniques, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran from August to November 2014. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized desain (CRD) with 13 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were the seed extract of B. asiatica, M. azedarach, A. muricata and their mixtures (1:1) at the concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5% and a control treatment. The results showed that the mixture of B. asiatica and A. muricata extract was effective to control C. pavonana larvae. At the concentration of 0.1%, it caused 100% larval mortality at 3 days after application. It had also antifeedant activity. It seems there is a synergistic effects between B. asiatica and A. muricata extract. Therefore, seed extracts of B. asiatica, M. azedarach, A. muricata and their mixtures have a potency to control C. pavonana larvae. Keywords: Annona muricata, Barringtonia asiatica, Melia azedarach, Crocidolomia pavonana, extract mixture, mortality.
Penyakit antraknosa merupakan penyakit utama yang menyebabkan kerugian secara ekonomi pada pertanaman cabai merah. Cuka kayu sebagai produk dari proses kondensasi asap diketahui dapat digunakan sebagai bakterisida dan fungisida. Penggunaan cuka kayu pinus merupakan salah satu alternatif pengendalian penyakit antraknosa yang prospektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji potensi cuka kayu pinus dalam mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada cabai merah. Pengujian dilakukan secara in vitro dengan mengukur penghambatan cuka kayu pinus terhadap pertumbuhan massa miselium dan perkecambahan konidium Colletotrichum capsici. Konsentrasi cuka kayu pinus yang diuji ialah 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, dan 5%, fungisida (antracol) 2% sebagai pembanding dan kontrol. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa persentase penghambatan pertumbuhan miselium C. capsici menurun dengan semakin rendahnya konsentrasi cuka kayu pinus. Penghambatan pertumbuhan miselium terbesar terjadi pada perlakuan cuka kayu pinus konsentrasi 5%, yaitu sebesar 76.1%, diikuti oleh konsentrasi cuka kayu pinus 4.5% dengan penghambatan miselium 41.04%. Tidak ada perkecambahan satu pun konidium pada seluruh konsentrasi perlakuan cuka kayu pinus yang diujikan.
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is one of the significant post-harvest diseases in fruit crops such as papaya (Carica papaya, L.). calcium chloride (CaCl2) concentration potentially reduces the infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in papaya fruit coating, the design used in this study was Complete Randomized Design (CRD) using 5 treatments of CaCl2 (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) with 5 replications. The study was conducted at the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia, from April to July 2020. different concentrations of calcium chloride were sprayed on the surface of papayas with anthracnose symptoms. The symptoms, signs of the disease, and the intensity of the disease were observed after treatment. The intensity of the disease attack on the tenth day after the application showed non-significant results. The in vivo trial showed that the calcium chloride concentration of 8% could inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides by up to 20.93%. The papayas treated with CaCl2 at a concentration of 8% were entirely infected on the fifth day after application, while those treated with 2, 4 and 6% CaCl2 and control were infected on the third day. The calcium chloride 8% suppresses the incidence and severity of anthracnose.
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is one of the significant post-harvest diseases in fruit crops such as papaya (Carica papaya, L.). calcium chloride (CaCl2) concentration potentially reduces the infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in papaya fruit coating, the design used in this study was Complete Randomized Design (CRD) using 5 treatments of CaCl2 (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) with 5 replications. The study was conducted at the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia, from April to July 2020. different concentrations of calcium chloride were sprayed on the surface of papayas with anthracnose symptoms. The symptoms, signs of the disease, and the intensity of the disease were observed after treatment. The intensity of the disease attack on the tenth day after the application showed non-significant results. The in vivo trial showed that the calcium chloride concentration of 8% could inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides by up to 20.93%. The papayas treated with CaCl2 at a concentration of 8% were entirely infected on the fifth day after application, while those treated with 2, 4 and 6% CaCl2 and control were infected on the third day. The calcium chloride 8% suppresses the incidence and severity of anthracnose.
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