<p>Feeding animal with fibrous materials such as corn cob will emit methane. Complete rumen modifier (CRM) is an improved feed additive comprised a mixture of Sapindus rarak, sesbania, albizia leaves and minerals that functions as a methane inhibitor. The study aimed to determine the effect of CRM supplementation on the feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, methane emission and growth of lambs. The experiment was designed in a complete randomized block, four levels of CRM (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%), six group of 24 male lambs per treatment based on the body weight.  Basal diet used was corn cob silage ad libitum and concentrate (500 g/day) as a supplement. The results showed that CRM supplementation did not affect feed consumption and average daily gain, but significantly decreased the dry matter, as well as organic matter and protein digestibility.  The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility linearly decreased with increasing level of CRM. Ruminal pH, ammonia concentration and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration were not affected by the CRM supplementation. Methane production expressed in kJ/MJ gross energy (GE) or digestible energy (DE) intake significantly decreased by 32% at the 2–3% CRM supplementation and reduced by 39% when methane production was expressed in g/kg digested NDF. It can be concluded that 2% CRM supplementation in the corn cob basal diet did not affect nutrient intake and growth rate of the lamb, as well as rumen fermentation.  The study suggests that CRM is an environmentally friendly feed additive for lamb</p>

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Penelitian ini membahas sistem monitoring suhu dan kelembapan secara nirkabel dengan Xbee berbasis mikrokontroler yang dilakukan di tempat budidaya tanaman hidroponik. Mikrokontroler berfungsi sebagai pengontrol rangkaian elektronik yang dapat menyimpan program. Xbee berfungsi sebagai alat komunikasi nirkabel yang beroperasi pada frekuensi 2,4 Ghz dengan jarak jangkau mencapai 1.500 meter. Pada perancangan ini terdapat dua node, yaitu node pengirim dan node penerima. Node pengirim terdiri dari modul Arduino sebagai pengendali yang dihubungkan dengan sensor DHT11 sebagai masukan dan Xbee sebagai pengirim. Node penerima terdiri dari Xbee penerima yang dihubungkan pada modul Arduino sebagai pengolah data dan LCD untuk menampilkan data. Pada penelitian ini didapat hasil perbandingan sensor DHT11 dengan alat ukur Thermo-Hygro yaitu rata-rata error suhu 0,75℃ dan kelembapan 3%. Hasil pengujian empat unit sensor DHT11 di luar ruangan didapat nilai rata-rata suhu sebesar 28,94℃ dan kelembapan sebesar 59,6% dengan jarak jangkau Xbee mencapai 240 meter, sedangkan nilai rata-rata suhu dan kelembapan hasil pengujian di dalam ruangan yaitu 29,14℃ dan 58,86% dengan jarak jangkau Xbee mencapai 70 meter.Kata Kunci: sistem monitoring, suhu dan kelembaban, mikrokontroler, sensor, wirelessThis research discusses the temperature and humidity monitoring system wirelessly with Xbee based on microcontroller. Microcontroller is a chip that serves as a controller of an electronic circuit that can store the programs in it. XBee is a wireless communication device Zigbee part of the protocol that operates at a frequency of 2.4 GHz with a range of 1,500 meters. In this design, there are two nodes, namely the transmitter node and the receiver node. The transmitter node consists of Arduino module as a controller, which is connected with DHT 11 sensor as input, and Xbee as transmitter. Receiver node consists of a Xbee receiver connected to the Arduino as a data processor and LCD for displaying data. From the research results obtained DHT11 ratio sensor with the Thermo-Hygro which is the average error 0.75℃ temperature and humidity of 3%. For the test results of four sensors outdoor DHT11 obtained average value 28,94℃ temperature and humidity of 59.6% with a range Xbee reach 240 meters, while the average value of the temperature and humidity in the room test results are 29,14℃ and 58.86% with a range Xbee reach 70 meters. Keywords: monitoring system, temperature and humidity, microcontrollers, sensors, wireless

Dietary protein is digested to a certain extent in the rumen causing decreases its potency as source of amino acids for the animal. Dietary protein should mostly reach the intestines where the protein digestion takes place and absorption occurs in the form of intact amino acids and subsequently becomes nutrient deposition in muscles or milk. The higher muscle or milk protein synthesis, the higher the protein in the products of animal, as long as energy for the metabolism is available. Strategies of feeding rumen degradable versus undegradable protein in ruminant have become a research interest for decades. Technologies of dietary protein protection to reduce its degradability in the rumen by heating, chelating or coating have been developed. Key words:Protein, degradability, protection, rumen ABSTRAK Manipulasi Degradabilitas Protein di Dalam Rumen untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Ternak RuminansiaBerhubung sebagian dari protein di dalam pakan akan dicerna di rumen, maka pakan tersebut akan kehilangan fungsinya sebagai sumber asam amino bagi ternak. Protein pakan sebaiknya sebagian besar tidak didegradasi di dalam rumen sehingga terbawa sampai ke usus dimana akan terjadi proses hidrolisis dan penyerapan asam amino yang selanjutnya akan digunakan dalam deposisi nutrien di dalam jaringan tubuh ternak. Dengan adanya deposisi protein, produk ternak akan mengandung protein lebih tinggi dengan syarat energi untuk metabolisme tersedia. Strategi pemberian pakan mengandung protein terdegradasi versus protein tidak terdegradasi di dalam rumen ternak ruminansia sudah lama menjadi perhatian penelitian. Teknologi proteksi protein bahan pakan untuk menurunkan angka degradabilitasnya di dalam rumen melalui pemanasan, khelasi atau pelapisan telah dikembangkan.

Twenty cows head were used in research to know aspect reproduce and economic estimation in cow which innovated by reproduction technology. All of cows in allocated into two groups at random each 10 heads. The first group come from farmer of co-operation member of Ciamis was used as control without innovated by reproduction technology, that mean the cow was naturally of oestrous and inseminated with frozen semen not a result of separation sex. The second group come from farmer group "lumba-lumba" innovated with oestrous synchronization which was injected prosolvin of 7.5 mg per headl by intramuscular (i.m.) and super ovulated with injected fertagyl of 150 mg per tail by i.m., and then it oestrous was inseminated with frozen semen result of sex separation. Research result indicates that technically there were difference of performance reproduce in cow which is innovated by reproduction technology than control. It concluded that the improvement of reproduction efficiency in cow after innovated by technology of reproduction in term of type of birth in twin and increasing of male sex up to 12 percent. It is in line with the economic estimation of cow which is technological application of reproduction improves generating revenue up to 22.35 percent per month.

In Indonesia, more than 200 illegal used lead acid battery (ULAB) smelters are currently operating. Only a few health studies support the finding of lead-related symptoms and diseases among populations living near the smelters. To assess the blood lead levels (BLLs) and potential health impacts among the population surrounding ULAB recycling smelters, we evaluated health effects reported from 2003 to 2013, conducted focus group discussions with lead smelter owner/workers and a group of 35 female partners of smelter owners or workers not actively engaged in smelter work, and retook and measured BLLs. It was found that many children in the areas were having difficulty achieving high grades at school and having stunting or other problems with physical development. The average mean of BLLs increased by almost double in 2015, compared with in 2011. The risk of having hypertension, interference in the ability to make red blood cells in females occurred among 24% of respondents; Elevated blood pressure, hearing loss, and interference in the ability to make red bloods cell occurred in 20% of males; Kidney damage, infertility in male, nerve problems, including decreased sensation and decreased ability to move quickly occurred in 13%; Decreased ability to make red blood cells (20%), and; Frank anemia, decreased life-span, coma/seizures were experienced by 22%. The populations living in areas surrounding ULAB smelters are experiencing severe chronic health problems. It is recommended that the smelters must be moved and placed far away from the municipality.Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content. Please, subscribe or login to access all content.

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The purpose of this study is to discuss the use of social media, namely utilizing Instagram features in the delivery of Islamic material, so that this can make Instagram an innovation in Islamic digital learning media. This is motivated by the rapid development of technology in the 4.0 era that requires an educator to be able to use it in the teaching and learning process. This type of research is qualitative research with the chosen approach method being virtual ethnography. Data was collected using documentation and observation on several accounts on Instagram that met the parameters. Data analysis was carried out through the first stages of data reduction, then data presentation, and finally concluding. The results of the study show that the features provided by Instagram can be used as learning media innovations and this is believed to make learning Islamic Religious Education more interesting because the material is presented using different media and ways than usual. Instastory features, feeds, reels, highlights, and Instagram live are some of the Instagram features that can be used as learning media.