<p>Feeding animal with fibrous materials such as corn cob will emit methane. Complete rumen modifier (CRM) is an improved feed additive comprised a mixture of Sapindus rarak, sesbania, albizia leaves and minerals that functions as a methane inhibitor. The study aimed to determine the effect of CRM supplementation on the feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, methane emission and growth of lambs. The experiment was designed in a complete randomized block, four levels of CRM (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%), six group of 24 male lambs per treatment based on the body weight. Basal diet used was corn cob silage ad libitum and concentrate (500 g/day) as a supplement. The results showed that CRM supplementation did not affect feed consumption and average daily gain, but significantly decreased the dry matter, as well as organic matter and protein digestibility. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility linearly decreased with increasing level of CRM. Ruminal pH, ammonia concentration and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration were not affected by the CRM supplementation. Methane production expressed in kJ/MJ gross energy (GE) or digestible energy (DE) intake significantly decreased by 32% at the 2–3% CRM supplementation and reduced by 39% when methane production was expressed in g/kg digested NDF. It can be concluded that 2% CRM supplementation in the corn cob basal diet did not affect nutrient intake and growth rate of the lamb, as well as rumen fermentation. The study suggests that CRM is an environmentally friendly feed additive for lamb</p>
Saponin and tannin have been considered as chemical compounds that can reduce methane enteric fermentation. The magnitude of the effect of the compounds on reducing methane are various depend on the levels and sources of the compounds. Some local plants that contained high condensed tannin and saponin are Acacia leaves and Lerak fruit. Feed available for ruminants mostly come from agricultural and plantation byproducts that characterized by high NDF content and low digestibility that promote methane production. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of saponin and condensed tannin extracts in reducing methane resulted during rumen fermentation of rice straw, maize straw, sugarcane-top and palm oil leaves. The in vitro method was used to evaluate 24 feedtuffs that were incubated for 48 hours. Saponin and condensed tannin extracts were added individually at the level of 2.5% of DM for each feed sample. Variables measured were chemical composition of feeds, total gas and methane production. Total cumulative gas of sugarcane-top and palm oil leaves fermentation increased when saponin (P<0.01) or condensed tannin (P<0.05) was added, but saponin or condensed tannin had no effect on rice straw and maize straw. Due to saponin and condensed tannin, the proportion of methane to total gas was reduced by 16.41 and 17.36% for sugarcane-top, 4.75 and 11.20% for palm oil leaves, 4.26 and 6.38% for maize straw and 11.68 and 12.98% for rice straw, respectively. The conclusions are that the two agents can reduce methane produced during the rumen fermentation of feedstuffs, and the effect of saponin and condensed tannin was different among the feedstuffs investigated, the condensed tannin has bigger effect on reducing methane production than saponin.
An experiment on the use of Complete Rumen Modifier (CRM) to improve dairy cow productivity and to mitigate enteric methane production has been conducted. Sixteen lactating dairy cows were distributed into 4 groups by using compelete randomized design (CRD). Group I (Control) fed by basal diet consisted of elephant grass and concentrate 7.5 kg/hd/dy (CP 16% and TDN 70%), Group II (Pro. Woodii) fed by basal diet + probiotic Woodii, Group III (Pro.Noterae) fed by basal diet + probiotic Noterae; Group IV (CRM-Noterae) fed by basal diet + CRM + Pro.Noterae. Measurements were conducted on body weight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, milk and methane production. Results showed that CRM-Noterae increased ADG by 72% (1.29 vs 0.75 kg) and improved FCR (9.2 vs 15.6). Probiotic noterae as single treatment or combined with CRM increased fat and total solid content of milk from 3.18% and 10.58% in control group to become 3.91%; 11.31% and 3.55%; 11.02%, respectively. The lowest methane production was recorded in Group IV. The combination of CRM and Noterae reduced percentage of methane production by 14%. It is concluded that combination of CRM and Noterae can improve dairy cow performance and decrease methane production. Probiotic Noterae improved milk quality.
Kulit buah kakao (KBK) berpotensi sebagai sumber pakan alternatif untuk ruminansia. Potensi KBK di Indonesia cukup besar, baik dari segi kuantitas maupun kualitasnya. Ketersediaan KBK pada musim panen sangat banyak dan mampu memenuhi kebutuhan untuk 635.305 satuan ternak per tahun. Kulit buah kakao sebagai pakan sumber serat dapat menggantikan rumput. Komposisi kimia KBK mengandung protein kasar antara 6,80-13,78%; SDN 55,30-73,90% dan SDA 38,31-58,98%. Selain potensi tersebut, KBK juga mengandung senyawa antinutrisi antara lain lignin, tanin dan theobromine. Guna mengoptimalkan potensi KBK sebagai pakan, diperlukan proses pengolahan untuk meningkatkan nilai nutrien dan kecernaan, menurunkan kandungan senyawa antinutrisi sehingga efek negatif dari senyawa antinutrisi dapat diminimalkan serta memperpanjang masa simpan. Metode pengolahan dapat dilakukan secara fisik, kimiawi dan mikrobiologis. Pengolahan dapat meningkatkan kualitas nutrien KBK terutama kadar proteinnya. Pemanfaatan KBK setelah diolah menghasilkan respon yang lebih baik, dibandingkan dengan KBK tanpa diolah. Pemanfaatan KBK diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai stok bahan pakan dan mengatasi kekurangan pakan hijauan terutama di musim kemarau dan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas ruminansia di wilayah sentra perkebunan kakao.
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