A digestibility study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing mulberry foliage and urea rice-bran as a source of fermentable energy and protein to 12 sheep fed diets based on urea-treated rice straw (TRS). The three dietary treatments were: T1, TRS with mulberry; T2, TRS with 50% mulberry replaced with rice bran and urea; and T3, TRS with rice bran and urea. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications for each treatment. The sheep were fed one of the three diets and the supplements were offered at 1.2% of the body weight (BW) and the TRS was provided ad libitum. There were no differences (p>0.05) among the three treatment groups with respect to dry matter (DM) intake (76.8±4.2 g/kg BW0.75) and DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) digestibility (55.3±1.22; 69.9±0.85; 46.3±1.65% respectively for DM, OM, and CP). The digestibility of fiber (neutral detergent fiber [NDF] and acid detergent fiber) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for T3 (46.2 and 46.6 respectively) compared to T1 (55.8 and 53.7 respectively) and T2 (54.1 and 52.8 respectively). Nitrogen (N) intake by sheep on diet T3 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than sheep fed diet T1. However, N balance did not differ among the three diets (3.0±0.32 g/d). In contrast, the rumen ammonia (NH3-N) concentrations in sheep fed T2 and T3 were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in sheep fed T1. The NH3-N concentrations for all three diets were above the critical value required for optimum rumen microbial growth and synthesis. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were highest (p<0.05) in T1 (120.3 mM), whilst the molar proportion of propionic acid was highest in T3 (36.9%). However, the microbial N supply in sheep fed T1 and T3 was similar but was significantly (p<0.05) higher than for sheep fed T2. It was concluded that mulberry foliage is a potential supplement of fermentable energy and protein for sheep fed TRS based diet. The suggested level of supplementation is 1.2% of BW or 32% of the total diet since it resulted in similar effects on the intake of DM, OM, and NDF, digestibility of DM, OM, and CP, N utilization and microbial supply when compared to rice bran and urea supplementation.

<p>Feeding animal with fibrous materials such as corn cob will emit methane. Complete rumen modifier (CRM) is an improved feed additive comprised a mixture of Sapindus rarak, sesbania, albizia leaves and minerals that functions as a methane inhibitor. The study aimed to determine the effect of CRM supplementation on the feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, methane emission and growth of lambs. The experiment was designed in a complete randomized block, four levels of CRM (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%), six group of 24 male lambs per treatment based on the body weight.  Basal diet used was corn cob silage ad libitum and concentrate (500 g/day) as a supplement. The results showed that CRM supplementation did not affect feed consumption and average daily gain, but significantly decreased the dry matter, as well as organic matter and protein digestibility.  The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility linearly decreased with increasing level of CRM. Ruminal pH, ammonia concentration and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration were not affected by the CRM supplementation. Methane production expressed in kJ/MJ gross energy (GE) or digestible energy (DE) intake significantly decreased by 32% at the 2–3% CRM supplementation and reduced by 39% when methane production was expressed in g/kg digested NDF. It can be concluded that 2% CRM supplementation in the corn cob basal diet did not affect nutrient intake and growth rate of the lamb, as well as rumen fermentation.  The study suggests that CRM is an environmentally friendly feed additive for lamb</p>

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ABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mempelajari degradasi bahan kering (BK) dan serat deterjen netral (SDN) dari jerami padi yang tidak diberi urea (URS) dan yang diberi perlakuan urea (TRS) yang diinkubasi dalam rumen domba dengan pakan yang berbeda. Tiga domba fistula diberi pakan dasar jerami padi yang diberi perlakukan urea dan tiga perlakuan pakan suplemen yang terdiri dari pakan kontrol (T0) murbei dan molasses; murbei, dedak padi dan urea (T1); dan dedak padi dan urea (T2). URS dan TRS dimasukan dalam kantong nylon dan diinkubasi di dalam rumen selama 0, 8, 16, 24, 48 dan 72 jam. Parameter yang diamati adalah degradasi BK, NDF, rumen pH dan rumen ammonia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa degradasi BK dari URS pada pakan T1 nyata lebih rendah dibanding pakan yang lain. Degradasi fraksi tidak terlarut dari BK dan SDN dari URS pada pakan T1 nyata lebih rendah pada pakan T0 dan T2. Degradasi BK dan SDN dari URS tidak dipengaruhi oleh pakan suplemen. Konsentrasi rumen ammonia dari pakan T1 dan T2 lebih tinggi dibanding T0 tetapi konsentrasi ini lebih tinggi dibanding kosnentrasi minimal yang diperlukan untuk sintesa mikroba rumen. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan pakan suplemen tidak berpengaruh nyata pada degradasi BK dan SDN dari TRS. Kata kunci: degradasi, jerami padi, suplemen, rumen ABSTRACTThe study was conducted to investigate the degradation of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of urea untreated (URS) and urea treated rice straw (TRS) incubated in the rumen of sheep fed different diet. Three fistulated sheep were fed on urea-treated rice straw basal diet with three supplemental treatment diets which consisted of control diet (T0) mulberry and molasses; mulberry, rice bran and urea (T1); and rice bran and urea (T2). Either URS or TRS was placed in nylon bags and incubated in the rumen at 0, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Parameters recorded were degradation of DM and NDF, rumen pH, rumen ammonia. The results showed that DM degradability of URS of the diet T1 was significantly lower than other diets. Similarly the URS degradability of rumen-insoluble fraction (b) of DM and NDF of T1 diet was significantly lower than those of T0 and T2 diet. DM and NDF degradability of URS was not affected by diets. The rumen ammonia concentration of T1 and T2 was significantly higher than those T0, but still higher than critical ammonia concentration required for rumen microbial synthesis. These results suggest that different supplementations have no significant effect on DM and NDF degradability of TRS.

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