Complete Rumen Modifier Supplementation in Corn Cob Silage Basal Diet of Lamb Reduces Methane Emission

Abstract

<p>Feeding animal with fibrous materials such as corn cob will emit methane. Complete rumen modifier (CRM) is an improved feed additive comprised a mixture of Sapindus rarak, sesbania, albizia leaves and minerals that functions as a methane inhibitor. The study aimed to determine the effect of CRM supplementation on the feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, methane emission and growth of lambs. The experiment was designed in a complete randomized block, four levels of CRM (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%), six group of 24 male lambs per treatment based on the body weight. Basal diet used was corn cob silage ad libitum and concentrate (500 g/day) as a supplement. The results showed that CRM supplementation did not affect feed consumption and average daily gain, but significantly decreased the dry matter, as well as organic matter and protein digestibility. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility linearly decreased with increasing level of CRM. Ruminal pH, ammonia concentration and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration were not affected by the CRM supplementation. Methane production expressed in kJ/MJ gross energy (GE) or digestible energy (DE) intake significantly decreased by 32% at the 2–3% CRM supplementation and reduced by 39% when methane production was expressed in g/kg digested NDF. It can be concluded that 2% CRM supplementation in the corn cob basal diet did not affect nutrient intake and growth rate of the lamb, as well as rumen fermentation. The study suggests that CRM is an environmentally friendly feed additive for lamb</p>

Effect of Lerak (Sapindus Rarak) Extract in High Roughage Diet on Rumen Microbial Protein Synthesis and Performance of Sheep

“…There were also no reduction of DM, OM, NDF digestibilities or nitrogen retention by addition of 4-12 g (0.7-2 g SE 100 -1 g feed consumption). The results were similar to those reported by Yulistiani et al (2017) that the addition of 1-2% complete rumen modifier (CRM) which also contained S. rarak pericarp powder did not affect DM consumption, DM, OM, NDF digestibilities, but with higher inclusion (3% CRM), DM, OM and NDF digestibility was significantly reduced compared to control (without CRM). Protozoa have several fibrolytic enzymes (Newbold et al 2015), therefore NDF and ADF digestibilities reduced with elimination of protozoa but those perhaps were not affected with partly defaunation.…”

“…SRE (Thalib et al 2010 ;Yulistiani et al 2017). With higher propionate and lower acetate obtained in this experiment, it may lead to more energy available for nutrient utilization and animal growth as propionate is the most important precursor of gluconeogenesis (Martínez-Aispuro et al 2018).…”

“…However, various results were reported on the effect of saponin on growth performance. Complete rumen modifier that contained S. rarak fruit powder had a significantly positive effect on weight gain of sheep fed rice straw diet (Thalib et al 2010), but not significant when sheep fed corn cob silage compared to control (Yulistiani et al 2017). S. rarak fruit extract when fed to Ongole cattle at the level of 100-200 mg kg -1 feed caused only a trend increase of body weight gain (Suharti et al 2015).…”

Evaluating the Digestibility of Ammonia Fermented (Amofer) Corn Cob Using Different Levels of M21 Decomposer and Urea (In Vitro Study)

“…It is evident from the proximate analysis (Table 2) that the crude fiber of treatment R 4 was the lowest of other treatments. Additionally, high crude fiber could decrease the digestibility of a feedstuff (Yulistiani et al, 2017). Crude fiber is a complex carbohydrate that is difficullt to digest so the lower crude fiber in a feed results in higher digestibiliy and vice versa.…”

Productivity and carcass characteristics of lambs fed fibrous agricultural wastes to substitute grass

“…The use of agricultural waste as a source of fiber for ruminants can reduce feed prices and improve environmental sustainability using feed materials that are sustainably available. Examples of agricultural waste include corn cobs (CCs) [1][2][3], bagasse (BG) [4][5][6][7], and peanut shells (PSs) [8]. Ground CCs have been used as a fiber source in cows [1], goats [2], and lambs [3].…”