Kampung improvement program in Surabaya is considered successful in enhancing the quality of housing and settlement based on sustainable development. Recently, the kampungs development is directed toward tourism thematic (Thematic Tourism Kampung Programme) that adopts cultural conservation value. The goals are not only to improve the socioeconomic prosperity of Kampung's people, but also to conserve the kampung's culture and tradition. As a consequence, the function and meaning of kampung may change from urban kampung to tourism kampung. The kampung settlement becomes more accessible to the public visitors and affect the kampung's sense of place to its inhabitants. This paper aims to enrich the model of sense of place in the context of tourism kampung development in Surabaya. This study is developed through literature review of relevant studies and in-depth interview with some respondents. The different theories of sense of place are reviewed to show the need of a shared definition of what constitutes a sense of place, its features, and its performance in the specific context (tourism kampung). The main dimensions and elements' sense of place were used as questionnaires' variables in the tourism kampung context. The result of this research explains sense of place model in the context of tourism kampong that consist of form, activity, and meaning which has sub variable namely place attachment and bonding.
The New Urban Agenda (NUA) will focus on the Smart City and Sustainable City as influential forces within urban development over the next 20 years. What constitutes a Smart and Sustainable reflects the peculiarities of contexts, needs, interests and approaches to urban development in different countries and regions of the world. Indonesia, for example has adopted a fairly broad approach to smart and sustainability, which extends beyond ICT infrastructure to include local development and community initiatives that aim to improve urban environments, economics and lives. Yet, none has examined the relationship between the model of Smart and Sustainability in the context of settlement-built environment. This paper is based on results of an interdisciplinary research project on “Kampung Innovation in Support of Smart City”. In the project, architects and anthropologists are collaboratively investigating creative and innovative ventures initiated by Kampung communities in Surabaya. In this paper, we present data gathered to date through participant observation and interviews, and discuss its analysis using six components of the Smart City which highlights the Human Driven Approach (HDM) approach. Findings reveal that these kampung communities are making important contributions to Surabaya’s development as both smart and sustainable city through creative and innovative approaches to meeting local economic, social and cultural needs in their settlement.
Abstrak-Phenomenology in architecture is associated with perception between the subject and the space, which one of the studies includes multisensory experience. In general, contemporary architecture accentuates the visual experience, among other sensory modalities. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research about the exploration of multisensory perception in architectural design. This study aims to explore how sensory activities or blind and visual impaired experience the spatial and the elements of architecture. This study is started by examining a brief literature review and then conducts qualitative research (in-depth interview and participant observation) to explore sensory experience and perception of blind people. The result finds from the five elements, walls and windows are the most influential elements for blind people. The existence of a wall has the potential to be a wayfinding of haptic system and has an echo effect. While the aperture opening element influences the illumination of light as well as indicators of outside space limits. The research outcome shows that people with visual impairment also acknowledge and they recognize these principles of design. They recognize contrast of temperature through the opening element, rhythm of texture through the wall, surface balance through the furniture, and hierarchy of noise through the window.
The understanding of the meaning of space differs among people with different background of culture. So does among the modern and traditional people. This research aims at understanding the meaning of space in the residence of Java Tondano People in Minahasa. To achieve this objective, three important elements of residence must be considered, which are; setting, activities, and values. Bottom up approach is taken to reveal the meaning. The method of data collection and analysis are through triangulation of literature review, field observation, and interview. Case study implemented on the residences that Jaton People built within the period of 1900-1950, which historically show the characteristics of Minahasa traditional house. The result of the analysis suggests that the space in the house of Java Tondano people is not only a place to have a family, but also an integrated part of the Java Tondano people to preserve the value of community, to build relation and to maintain the harmony with the surrounding community. Such meaning of space is motivated by the value of appropriateness, tradition, and goodwill.
In Indonesia, Pesantren is a private boarding school managed by an organizational or non-organizational Islamic institution. The Pesantren's buildings are commonly not well designed and its design represents the institution's requirements. This paper investigates the bedroom design of dormitory based on student's preferences and adaptation, which then will be used as a design's concept reference. Bedroom is the smallest scale of built environment, yet it has great influence on accommodating users' daily needs. Moreover, the bedroom dimension especially for a pesantren's dormitory has limited area but with high occupant density. This study uses a case study strategy supported by quantitative and qualitative methods. Six Pesantrens are chosen to find bedrooms' typology by observation. Next, the typology is tested to 500 respondents in Sunan Drajat Pesantren by using a questionnaire. Quantitative analysis is employed to find the students' preferences, and afterwards the student's adaptation is investigated. The result shows that the bedrooms' typology in pesantren's dormitory do not meet the minimum standard of bedroom's design. The typology is based on observation in six Pesantren's bedrooms. The study also reveals that student's preference for bedroom's dormitory is influenced by physiological and psychological aspects. Physiological aspects indicate thermal and visual comfort. The psychological aspects are motivation, security, privacy, personal space, territory, crowding and density. The bedroom size, number of occupants and bedroom area per person do not meet students' preference, consequently the adaptation process is difficult. The types of adaptation are by reaction, by adjustment and by withdrawal. The design concepts propose from the bedroom's dimension (bedroom area per person is 2.8 m²), the students' belonging and furniture arrangement, use space, number of occupants (small, small-medium, medium, large, and extra-large bedroom).
Currently the development of pesantren in Indonesia is very rapid, while there is still no concept that is used as a reference in designing of the dormitory building. There are several standards or references used in dormitories but currently only found for campus dormitories. In addition, there are some problems in pesantren dormitory such as infrastructure that is less supportive and very high occupancy density, therefore students make adaptations. This study aims to formulate the parameters used in designing pesantren based on preferences and adaptation. Preference is included because there is relationship between preference and adaptation. The method used is qualitative by comparing from some literatures. The results consist of thread of thought, determining of pesantren and variable, indicator used. There are five thread that used to formulated design concept, among others existing, typology, preference, adaptation and proposal design. Variable and indicators of activity, facility and environmental scope can be assessed on student preference and adaptation in any contexts and type of pesantren. Further, the upcoming result of parameter can be set as the underlying consideration for the designing of pesantren dormitory.
Abstract:Even though the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has been signed by all states and by regional integration organization on 2007, in developing countries, providing barrier free environment is still questionable. Indonesia for example, the ratification of this convention has been signed by Indonesian Government on 2011 and the implementation process is ongoing. Surabaya for instance, for the last few years has improved public facilities (such as pedestrian ways and open space) to be more accessible for citizens. Yet those improvements are still misleading and failed to provide friendly environment especially for disabled people and elderly. The aim of this paper is to investigate the realization of accessible design in some public facilities in Surabaya especially in pedestrian ways and public open space (recreational facilities). Observation in field study is conducted as research methods and description analysis is used. This research is also conducted by disabled researcher who has physical impairment and has experienced everyday living in disabling environment of Surabaya. The result shows that even though accessible design in public facilities has been supported by Indonesian law and local government, its implementations are failed and the process of planning and design has not included the participation of disabled people and well informed. Therefore, disabled people are still struggle to do their activities and needs in public facilities.
Flats corridors' designs that are relatively narrow are less able to accommodate the needs of social space for residents in low cost flats. This is because Indonesian people are used to livinge in horizontal housing, one of them being the kampung. The kampung alley provides for various forms of dynamic activity and social interaction for resident, and make it to be a good social space. Related to this fact, architects have the task of designing flats corridors that could accomodate residents' needs for social space such as the user's behaviour setting in a kampung street. This issue is in line with the case study in Sombo Flat's corridor which was designed based on the characteristics of a kampung street's behaviour setting concept. With that concept, flats corridors were designed very wide, approximately 3-9 meters. This wide corridor give residents the opportunity for social interaction and other dynamic activities that take place in the corridors. This paper aims to evaluate the design implementation of the Sombo Flat's corridors using analysis on behaviour setting method, which covers the pattern of the activities, setting/milieu, synormophy (the relationship between activity and the setting), and also analysing space usage patterns that occur in the corridors. The data are collected through observation, interview, documentation and analyze with descriptive qualitative methods. The results of the research show that Sombo Flat's corridor, designed based on the characteristics of a kampung street concept, can accomodate the resident's pattern of activities well, especially in the function of social space to create a sense of neighborhood. However, the negative impact from this wide corridor design is that it gives residents an opportunity to appropriate their personal space in the corridor which supposedly is a public space (thereby changing the spatial usage).
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