The aim: To establish the dynamics of changes in the average total diameter, the diameter of the lumen of microvessels in the cortex of the rats’ adrenal glands influenced by the long-term action food additives complex. Materials and methods: To determine the structural changes of the vessels of the hemomicrocirculatory bed of the cortex of the adrenal glands of rats in our study, we used histological, morphometric and statistical methods. Results: During the study, we found that the effect of a food additive complex on the vessels of the adrenal glands cortex of rats leads to a violation of hemodynamic conditions in the early stages of the experiment. Conclusions: arterioles, venules and capillaries as a capacitive link of the hemomicrocirculatory bed are actively involved in response to exogenous administration of a complex of food additives (sodium glutamate, sodium nitrite, and ponso 4 R). Processes of change of morphometric indicators of vessels are observed mainly from the fourth week of the experiment.

The aim: To study the features of morphoethiopathogenesis of acute appendicitis and the consequences after appendectomy. Materials and methods: 10 preparations of human appendix were studied, from which 5 appendixes were normal in people who died in adulthood and old age and 5 processes were taken intraoperatively during appendectomy. Morphometric characteristics of the tissue structures of the preparations were compared with the systematic review data, the literature search by the following keywords: morphoethiopathy”, “vermiform process”, “lymphoepithelial formations”, “digestive system”, “lymphoid nodule”, “Peyer’s patches”, “mucous membrane”. Results: Pathogenesis of acute appendicitis – it is a consistent, staged process that is completely subject to the laws of exudative inflammation in response to microbial aggression. Removal of the appendicular process should be approached carefully and based on possible immunological consequences. Removal of the appendix as an immunocompetent organ Unreasonable removal of pathohistological unchanged appendix has medical consequences (can lead to consequences such as colon cancer) and not only. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the vermiform appendix retains its active function throughout human life. The study provides an overview with current knowledge about the etiology, pathogenesis and possible consequences of appendectomy as the main method of treatment of acute appendicitis. The search for ways to prevent appendicitis can be successful only by finding out the causes and factors that in some individuals cause the inability of the appendix to resist bacterial invasion. Appendix is necessary to fully support the immune responses of the digestive tract, but it belongs to the category of those organs, the loss of which during forced surgery does not cause significant damage to the body.

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The aim: To define the degree for glial acidic fibrillary protein expression on the structural components of cerebellum of the rats in health and when rats influenced by the food additives complex. Materials and methods: In order to determine the degree of expression of the immunohistochemical marker GFAP on the structural components of the cerebellum of rats we applied immunohistochemical, morphometric and statistical methods in our study. Results: In histological specimens at the end of 1st week of observation in the gray matter of the cerebellum there occurred a gradual increase in 1.16 times of the average number of GFAP-positive cells. At the end of 4th week of the experimental study, the average number of GFAP-positive cells increased accurately (at p<0.05 compared to the control group) in 1.27 times, at the end of 8th week it has increased in 1.99 times, at the end of 12th week in 2.25, and at the end of 16th week in 2.39 times. Conclusions: The outcomes of our study are as follows the increase in the average number of GFAP-positive cells is directly related to the decrease in the average number of major neurons of the gray matter of the brain, while the fluctuations in the average number of astrocytic glia cells represent a compensatory mechanism in the recovery of gray matter neurons of the brain from neural stem cells with the subsequent development of reactive astrogliosis and, thereafter the possible development of neuropathology.

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The aim: The study focuses on the morphometric features specification concerning the structural components of the hemomicrocirculatory bed of the perivulnar region of the cecum in rabbits when suturing a wound defect with synthetic polyfilament surgical suture Vicryl. Materials and methods: The research was carried out on rabbits (n = 30: 5 animals made up the control group and 25 animals made up the experimental group) and included surgery based on the method of surgical intervention on the large intestine patented by the authors, which was performed in the conditions of the operating room at the Department of Clinical Anatomy and Operative Surgery. When determining the main morphometric parameters, we took biopsy specimens of the cecum and used paraffin and epoxy resin embedding considering the generally accepted methods. Results: The study determined that the implantation of Vicryl surgical suture material in the tissues of the cecum became a trigger for the formation of active inflammatory focus and occurrence of leukocyte infiltrate in the perivulnar region. Conclusions: Arterioles, as a resistive link, capillaries, as an exchange link and venules, as a capacitive link in the hemomicrocirculatory bed, actively participate in response to the inflammatory process and formation of a connective tissue scar. The process of structural organization of microvessels begins in the formed granulation tissue in the perivulnar region of the cecum starting from the 14th day of the experiment.

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The aim: To establish the possibilities and advantages of cone-beam tomography in the primary diagnostic of mandibular fractures within the dental row compared with traditional methods of radiation diagnosis. Materials and methods: The research was performed involving of 28 patients who had traumatic injuries of the maxillofacial area. The age of the victims was 18-56 years. The injured people were selected who were examinated by traditional radiological methods of diagnosis in the first hours after injury, and for final diagnostic in hospital were used cone-beam tomography of the mandible. The comparison of the results obtained with the help of traditional X-ray examinations with the data of cone-beam tomography allowed to conduct a comparative analysis of the diagnostic capabilities of these methods and to determine the advantage of the last one. Results: A comparative analysis of the results of the examination of injured people, which were obtained by using of traditional methods and cone-beam tomography of the mandible, shows the diagnostic advantages of the last one, which allows to determine the extent of traumatic injuries of the mandible and identify hidden fractures that were not determined by traditional X-ray methods. Conclusions: For the primary diagnostics of traumatic mandibular injuries, traditional X-ray examinations may be informative, but for complex, combined injuries, as well as fractures that raise doubts,it is advisable to use cone-beam computed tomography. The use of cone-beam computed tomography in mandibular fractures makes it possible to better assess the degree of damage and determine the displacement of fragments.