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Sera ofIt has been shown that chemically induced primary and transplantable hepatomas of mice and rats synthesize and secrete into the blood a specific protein of the embryonal serum, af-globulin (Abelev, 1963(Abelev, , 1965 Abelev et al., 1963a, b ; Grabar et al., 1965;Perova and Abelev, 1967). This protein which possessed distinct antigenic properties is a dominant component in the a-globulin fraction of foetal serum. It is usually discerned during embryonal and the first three weeks of neonatal life of mice and rats. It has not been detected in four week old or older animals. Synthesis of a/-globulin was found to resume in primary and transplantable hepatomas, though not in all cases. This protein could not be detected in a number of tumours of other than hepatic origin. Tatarinov (1964Tatarinov ( , 1965 has demonstrated that this phenomenon, af-globulin synthesis, takes place in patients with primary carcinoma of the liver. He suggested that this test could be used in the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic liver tumours. He showed that the test was specific for hepatocellular tumours

Sera from 813 patients were examined independently by 3 test centers for the presence of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP). The sera were collected at 5 different African centers and 2 non‐African centers. There was disagreement in the serologic results among the 3 test laboratories in only 27, or 3.3%, of cases. A clinical and/or histologic diagnosis of primary liver cancer had been made in 231 of the cases in which there was serologic agreement, and 151, or 65.4%, of these were positive for AFP. If only those cases with histologic confirmation of liver cell cancer were included, the percentage of cases with AFP increases to 75%. Analysis of the results from each collection center has been made, and the basis for “false‐positives” and serologic disagreements is discussed. The test has proven to be highly specific for primary liver cell cancer and may be used with advantage in differential diagnosis of this disease and in epidemiologic studies.

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The distribution of group-specific antigen of murine leukemia viruses (MuL V-gs) was studied in mice of low-leukemic strains: CS7BL/6, CS7BLIIOSn, BALBIc and others. A rabbit monospecific anti-MuL V-gs serum was used for the antigen detection. The analyses were carried out by an indirect immunoradioautography technique which permitted the detection of trace amounts of the antigen. MuLV-gs was found in the spleen of mice of all strains studied. It was present in mouse embryos as well as in adult animals.