AbstrakStudi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspor kayu lapis dengan menggunakan Gravity Model, dan menghitung Nilai Tarif Ekuivalen dari Non Tariff Barriers (NTBs) kayu lapis Indonesia di negara tujuan. Berdasarkan pendekatan Gravity Model (Model Gravitasi), aliran perdagangan potensial diperoleh dengan melakukan subtitusi seluruh data kedalam persamaan gravity. Fitted trade flow dari persamaan gravity model dianggap sebagai aliran perdagangan potensial. Perbedaan antara aliran perdagangan aktual dan potensial diindikasikan sebagai tarif ekuivalen dari NTBs. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap ekspor kayu lapis Indonesia yaitu Gross Domestic Product (GDP) riil Indonesia dan negara tujuan, Indek Harga Konsumen (IHK) Indonesia dan negara tujuan, jarak ekonomi, nilai tukar dan krisis keuangan tahun 2010. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan negara Uni Eropa seperti Inggris dan Belgia memiliki rata-rata tarif ekuivalen NTBs paling besar. Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu (SVLK) untuk legalitas produk kayu dapat dijadikan sebagai strategi untuk menghadapi NTBs yang ada di negara tujuan ekspor. Kata Kunci: Non-Tariff Barries (NTBs), Gravity Model, Volume Ekspor, Data Panel Abstract This study sets out to analyze factors that influence plywood exports utilizing the Gravity Model and assess the equivalent tarriff value of Non Trade Barriers plywood on destination countries. Based on the Gravity Model approach, a potential of flow of trade is obtained through subsituting the whole data into gravity equation. Fitted trade flow from the Gravity Model equation is considered as a potential trade flow. The difference between actual and potential trade flow is indicated by the NTB equivalent tariff. The result shows factors that are influential on plywood exports notably the GDPs of Indonesia and destination countries, Consumer Index Price in

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) merupakan bentuk kerjasama yang diinisiasi ASEAN pada tahun 2012. Jasa finansial dan asuransi merupakan salah satu sektor jasa yang memiliki peran penting terhadap stabilitas perekonomian dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi impor jasa finansial dan asuransi serta melakukan estimasi ekuivalen tarif untuk melihat seberapa besar hambatan dalam perdagangan jasa pada masing-masing negara RCEP. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan gravity model dengan analisis regresi data panel. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari data dasar Global Trade Analysis Projects (GTAP) dan Centre d’Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales (CEPII). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PDB, jarak, bahasa, dan sejarah kolonial signifikan memengaruhi impor. Estimasi ekuivalen tarif menunjukkan bahwa Selandia Baru, Filipina, RRT, India, dan Korea Selatan merupakan negara yang memiliki hambatan perdagangan paling tinggi. Kesamaan bahasa dan sejarah kolonial merupakan faktor yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap perdagangan. Untuk itu perlu adanya upaya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan penggunaan bahasa asing serta menjalin hubungan yang baik antara negara yang memiliki kesamaan sejarah kolonial. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a framework agreement which was initiated by ASEAN on 2012. Financial and insurance service is a service sector which has an important role in the world economic stability.The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of import in financial and insurance services and to estimate tariff equivalent in each member of RCEP. This study employs Gravity model approach with regression analysis of panel data.The data were obtained from Global Trade Analysis Projects (GTAP) and Centre d’Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales(CEPII).The results indicate that GDP, distance, common language, and common colony have a significant effect on import. The estimation of tariff equivalent shows that New Zealand, Philippines, China, India, and South Korea are countries with the highest trade barriers. This study concludes that the similarities of language and historical background among countries are the factors that have the highest influence in trade.Therefore, increasing the use of foreign language and establishing better relationships between countries with the same colonial history are crucial to be done.

The aim of this study are: first, to analyse the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa in the European Unio market; second, to analyse the competitiveness and the factors that influence the Indonesian cocoa exports to the EU market; third, to calculate the non-tariff barriers imposed by the European Union market for Indonesian cocoa. Methods used are the RCA index and gravity models. The differences between actual and potential trade flows are indicated as non-tariff barriers. Results of the calculation RCA is showed that all destinations of a cocoa export have a high competitiveness (RCA> 1) but tend to decrease. Results of the estimate gravity models show the factors influencing the Indonesian cocoa exports are the real per capita GDP of Indonesia and the destination country, CPI of destination countries, the economic distance, exchange rates, and tariff. The result of non-tariff barriers indicated that the Netherlands is the state which has the largest non-tariff barriers among the most other EU countriesDOI:  10.15408/sjie.v5i1.3131

<em>Developed countries use a standard as instrument to conduct trade barriers. The issues about quality and standard are also applicated to Indonesian plywood exports. Consumer countries led to the requirements of the international timber legality, for example USA with Amandemen Lacey Act, Uni Eropa with EU Timber Regulation, Australia with Prohibition Bill, and Japan with Green Konyuho. Standard is a main instrument to increase of competitiveness. The aims of this study are: (1) to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesia plywood in the major export destinations, (2) to analyze strategy of policies to improve the quality and standard of plywood in order to increase competitiveness. The analytical methods used in this study are Revealed Comparative Advantage and Analytical Hierarchy Process. The result of study shows that an average value RCA between Indonesia and UK is high. According to AHP, government should facilitate exporter to solve the problem in the cost of certificate of plywood legalcy (SVLK).</em>

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is necessary for Indonesia since the rate of saving is still low compared to the higher demand for investment in Indonesia. FDI contributes not only to the higher rate of investment but also to the spillover of other industrial sectors through technology transfer.The FDI spillover could be in the form of horizontal or vertical spillover with upstream and downstream linkages. The spillover of FDI can give a positive or negative impact on the productivity of sectors or other industries. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of FDI spillover on the productivity of the domestic food industry. The food industry had the highest value of FDI during 1990-2014, but it had a low value of total factor productivity. The research results show that the FDI spillover gives positive impact to the productivity of domestic food industry which has the highest foreign investment with upstream and downstream linkages. The horizontal and vertical spillover of FDI on upstream linkages gives positive impact to big domestic companies with higher levels of technologies. Meanwhile, the vertical spillover of FDI on downstream linkages gives positive impact to local companies with lower levels of technologies.

The flow of globalization is a problem for almost all states in the world. Every country is currently conducting trade openness to support domestic needs and encourage economic growth. The trend of Indonesia's trade openness ratio which tends to decrease, it has not trend with Indonesia's economic growth. This study aims to analyze the relationship between trade openness and economic growth in Indonesia, both in the short and long term, using various trade openness indicators. The type of research data is secondary data in an annual time series from 1980 to 2019. The method used in this study is Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). All trade openness measure (exports plus imports, exports, and imports) used in this study show a positive and significant relationship between trade openness and economic growth in Indonesia over the long term but a negative relationship in the short term. For a long term, there has been a negative relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and economic growth in Indonesia; however, there is a positive relationship in the short term. Human capital has a long term positive relationship with economic growth in Indonesia, but it is not significant in the short term. This study suggests a need for an increase in trade performance in a short term by reviving the real domestic market, increasing monitoring and cooperation from all stakeholders involved in supporting FDI, and providing easy access for people who are less able to pursue higher education.

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The Ukraine-Soviet Union war and the Covid-19 pandemic made the world economy experience complex problems. Indonesia was also affected, especially the decline in exports, so it needed to find new trading partners. This study aims to determine the potential diversification of Indonesia's export market to non-traditional countries, namely Turkey, Brazil, Georgia and the Russian Federation as well as 10 economic commodities. The data used in this study is secondary data. This data is obtained through the GTAP database (Global Trade Analysis Project) version 10. In this GTAP database there are input - output data from 121 countries representing 98% of world GDP. The results of this study are Brazil and Turkey can become Indonesia's trading partners, while Georgia and the Russian Federation have little opportunity to establish trade cooperation with Indonesia