Pada dasarnya penelitian ini mengkaji upaya peningkatan produksi padi melalui efisiensi teknis usahatani di Jawa Barat sebagai sentra produksi padi. Secara khusus tujuan operasionalnya yaitu : (1) Menentukan fungsi produksi stochastic frontier dan menganalisis faktor-faktornya, (2) Menentukan fungsi inefisiensi stochastic frontier dan menganalisis faktor-faktornya. Data yang digunakan adalah data PATANAS 2010 di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Pemilihan desa berdasarkan sebaran jumlah tipe desa sawah irigasi berbasis padi (tipe desa 1) menurut provinsi di Jawa Barat; Desa Tugu Kabupaten Indramayu, Desa Simpar Kabupaten Subang, dan Desa Sindang Sari Kabupaten Karawang dengan total 160 observasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan model produksi frontier parametric stokastik yang dirancang untuk mengatasi masalah error pada frontier parametric deterministik. Model disebut stokastik karena output yang diamati dibatasi oleh variabel stokastik (ß xi + vi). Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini Implikasinya adalah jika pemerintah hendak meningkatkan produksi padi, maka variabel lahan lah yang seharusnya menjadi perhatian utama dengan potensi lahan di Indonesia cukup besar terutama lahan kering. Selain lahan, variable bibit dan pupuk KCL juga signifikan berpengaruh terhadap produksi. Masih kurangnya penggunaan kedua input ini dikarenakan harganya yang mahal. Selama ini subsidi lebih kepada pupuk urea sehingga implikasinya pemerintah perlu mendukung pengadaan benih dan pupuk KCL dengan harga yang terjangkau. Rata-rata efisiensi teknis usahatani padi di Jawa Barat lebih dari 70% yaitu 74.22% yang berarti kondisi usahatani padi di Jawa Barat telah efisien. Petani paling efisien memiliki nilai efisiensi teknis 96.34% dan yang paling rendah 40.125%. Variabel yang signifikan mempengaruhi inefisiensi yaitu mutu benih, intensitas penanaman padi (IP) dan musim.
Capital plays important role to support the operational of the banks and to create a sound banking system in aggregate. For this reason, the banks are required to have a sufficient amount of capital, both to support its business expansion as well as a buffer to prevent and to absorb any unexpected losses. This paper analyzes determinants of capital ratio of the state-owned banks in Indonesia. Using panel data regression model, the result shows that the capital ratio of these state-owned banks is affected by the size of the bank, the bank’s leverage, the quality of management, and the interest rate risk. Contrary to the existing literatures, this paper does not support the effect of management capability to generate income on the bank’s capital ratio. Keywords: Capital structure, state-owned banks, panel estimation.JEL Classification: C23, G21, G32
The study of this paper is aimed to evaluate the effects of non-tariff measures (NTM) upon Indonesian crude palm oil (CPO) export in the main destinations. Identified the competitiveness analysis using the Revealed Comparative Advantage index and the impact of the measures has estimated using a panel data gravity model constructed with disaggregated data about bilateral export trade flow of crude palm oil between Indonesia and its main trade partners for the period from 2003 to 2013. NTM represented binary variable that specified with a dummy variable. The gravity model has estimated with a fixed effects model and the results indicated that the existence of trade barriers to trade (TBT) appears to impede the Indonesian exports of CPO. But the existence of sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) which related to food safety and the existence of trade remedy (antidumping, subsidy, safeguard) presented a positive impact upon the Indonesian exports of CPO. Keywords: Export, Non-Tariff Measures (NTM), Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS), Trade Barriers to Trade (TBT), Trade Remedy, Crude Palm Oil
Lada merupakan produk komoditas ekspor Indonesia yang diekspor ke berbagai negara. Ketergantungan lada Indonesia pada pasar ekspor menjadikan harga lada domestik mengikuti fluktuasi harga lada di pasar dunia meskipun harga lada di pasar domestik tidak selalu linier dengan harga lada dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterkaitan harga lada Indonesia dengan harga lada internasional. Data yang digunakan adalah data bulanan dari tahun 1990-2014 dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa harga lada hitam lokal dan lada hitam spot memiliki hubungan integrasi baik pada jangka panjang maupun pendek. Sementara pengaruh timbal balik terjadi pada harga lada putih. Harga lada putih lokal terintegrasi dengan harga lada putih ekspor dan harga lada putih spot baik pada jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Penyaluran informasi harga yang lancar dan dapat diakses oleh setiap pelaku pemasaran sangat perlu untuk diupayakan. Diharapkan dengan adanya kelancaran informasi, pelaku pemasaran khususnya yang berada di tingkat lokal memiliki posisi tawar yang semakin kuat serta dapat terhindar dari praktek yang menyebabkan timbulnya market power dalam pemasaran lada. Pepper is one of the Indonesian commodities which has been exported to various countries.The dependence of Indonesia’s exporting pepper has caused the domestic price of pepper to follow the fluctuations of the world’s market price, even though the domestic price is not necessarily linked to the world market. This study aims to find out the relation between the domestic pepper price to the world’s market price. The data were from 1990-2014 and were analyzed using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method.The results indicated that the price of local black pepper and spot black pepper had good integration relationship in long and short term. Besides, the mutual relation occurs in white pepper price. The price of local white pepper is related to the exported one, and is also related to the price of spot white pepper both in short term and long term. Good distribution of pepper and access to current pricing information is necessary to be done. By using a good access to information, marketing actors especially those at local marketing level will have a stronger bargaining position and therefore it can avoid practices that might cause market power in pepper market.
Capital has an important role in maintaining safety of banks and in order to create a sound banking system. Banks are required to have a sufficient amount of capital, both to support its business expansion as well as a buffer to prevent any unexpected loss that banks might face and absorb losses arising from a variety of risks. Eventhough consists of four banks, State owned banks in Indonesia are catalystor for the banking industry in Indonesia. The failure of state-owned banks can affect the stability of Indonesian banking system. This study aims to study and analyze determinants of capital ratio of state-owned banks. Several variables have been used in previous studies to be used a proxy. The study applied panel data regression model. The capital ratio of state-owned banks is affected by asset growth (LNSIZE), equity to total liabilities ratio (EQTL), non performing loan (NPL), interest rate risk (IRR), and operational cost to operational revenue ratio (BOPO) on a different level of significance. Keywords: Capital structure, state-owned commercial banks, panel data JEL Classification: C23; G21; G32
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