Oil palm plantations are strategic commodities in the national economy and public welfare. Smallholder oil palm plantations as part of the palm oil commodity supply chain currently face business sustainability issues. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of community oil palm plantations based on index assessment using the Rap-Palmoil method through the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) method. Multidimensional analysis of MDS in terms of economic, social, environmental, institutional, and technological dimensions as aspects examined in this study. This research was conducted in two regencies of oil palm plantations in a broad area of land in Jambi Province, namely Muaro Jambi Regency and Merangin Regency. The data used are primary and secondary data, primary data are obtained from interviews with farmers while secondary data are obtained from the Central Statistics Agency, Plantation Service, and literature that supports this research. Respondents in this study were 99 farmers selected purposively. The results of the multidimensional sustainability analysis of the Jambi Province oil palm plantation sustainability index were 57,79 included in the quite sustainable category. While the results of the sustainability index analysis for the five dimensions are 54,11 (economy), 66,83 (social), 58,64 (environmental), 46,40 (institutional), 59,02 (technology). All dimensions are overall included in the "moderately sustainable" category except the institutional dimension in the "less sustainable" category. The sustainability of oil palm plantations in each dimension has a different sustainability index so that different policies are needed to evaluate the sustainability of community oil palm plantations in Jambi Province.
Food is a basic need and access to food is a human rights that must be fulfilled. Meeting food needs is the main target of food policy carried out by the government, especially for the poor household. One of the government's policies in terms of food is Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT). The purpose of this study was to analysis the food demand for BPNT's beneficiary household and not receiving BPNT. This study used primary data on food consumption with the highest share of expenditure of poor households in Bogor City. Demand for food was estimated by LA-AIDS (Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System) model. The results this study showed that there were significant differences in the average consumption of rice, non-rice and animal protein consumption between BPNT and non-BPNT households. The highest of food expenditure in both households was processed food and beverages. The BPNT dummy variable did not sign for a share of food expenditure. The result of the estimate also showed that rice, animal protein, vegetables, food and beverages and cigarettes are inelastic at their prices elasticity. All types of food studied were normal goods. Non-rice, vegetables and processed food and beverages were substitutes for rice in BPNT recipient households while in non-BPNT only processed food and beverages was substitutes for rice. The interesting thing in this research was that cigarettes become a complimentary item to all foods.
This research was conducted in North Luwu Regency to analyze the sustainability of cocoa plantation smallholders based on an assessment of the index and the sustainability status using the Rap-Cocoa technique with the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) method. The data used are primary and secondary. The primary data were obtained from direct interviews with farmers and some cocoa experts. The secondary data were obtained from the Statistics Indonesia, ministry of agriculture Republic of Indonesia, and literature that supported this research. The results of the Rap-Cocoa ordination technique with the MDS method indicated that the sustainability index value of cocoa plantation smallholders in the North Luwu Regency ranges from 38.81-57.32. The four regions on North Luwu Regency respectively are Masamba, Sabbang, Babeunta, and Mappedeceng subdistricts are on sustainable category status and for two regions are Malangke Barat and Sukamaju subdistricts are less sustainable. The index value and sustainability status of cocoa plantation smallholders in North Luwu Regency on each dimension indicated that the three dimensions (economic, social and environment) specify Baebunta subdistrict as a relatively large index value in two dimensions compared to the other five subdistricts, respectively social (47.87) and environment (63.27).
Determining of optimal replanting age of oil palm helps farm households to prepare replanting investment. This research was to detemine optimal age for replanting of oil palm and to evaluate the sensitivity of optimal replanting age when there are changes in output price, cost, interest rate, and yield. The number of samples are 268 oil palm farm household. The farmers, age of oil palm and location were taken based on purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using profit maximization concept with Comparison of Equivalent Annual Net Revenue (CEAN) method. The result showed that the optimal replanting age of oil palm with quadratic production function and cubic production function was between 33 and 35 years. The optimal replanting age was sensitive to changes on interest rate, price of fresh fruit bunch, farm cost, and productivity.
Indonesia is a country that is famous as a producer of spices. The most widely produced type of pepper in Indonesia is black pepper from Lampung or Lampung Black Pepper. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of farmers and pepper farming in Lampung Province and analyze the factors that influence pepper productivity in Lampung Province. Based on the available data, the characteristics of farmers that can be used to assess the managerial ability of farmers are the level of education, age of farmers, control of assets and production facilities, and farming methods. The dependent variable (Y) in the study is Pepper Productivity, and the independent variables are land area, fertilizer, plant age, labour, planting system dummy, and the main seed variety used dummy. The variables in this study were modelled with the Cobb-Douglas production function. The farming scale of Lampung Pepper farmers is in a constant return to scale condition with a production elasticity value of Ep = 1.06, which means that the proportion of additional production inputs will result in additional production in the same proportion. The results showed that area, age of planting, and labour are statistically significant variables affecting pepper productivity at a significant level of 10%.
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