Rice can grow in almost all of the islands in Indonesia, but 57 per cent of it was produced in Java, which is less than 10 per cent of the national area in Indonesia. To anticipate the increasing need for rice consumption, it is important to study the prospects for increasing national rice production, especially by utilizing the potential of agricultural land outside Java island. The purpose of this study was to identify the prospects for the development of national rice, especially outside Java island, from the perspective of rice production factors and technical efficiency at the farm level. Using stochastic frontier analysis, the translog production function showed that the increasing use of inputs (land, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides) will not significantly increase rice production both in Java and outside Java island (inelastic). Technical efficiency analysis indicated that rice production in Java and outside Java island was 28 and 39 per cent below its frontier, respectively. Further analysis showed that irrigation, land status, farmer groups, and farmer education were significantly improved technical efficiency. This study concluded that the potential to increase rice production by increasing technical efficiency outside of Java island was greater than in Java island. However, increasing the efficiency of rice production outside Java may be constrained by the availability of irrigated agricultural land. To significantly increase national rice production both in Java and outside Java island, a breakthrough in new rice production technology is needed.
<em><span>Domestic rice needs will continue to increase, it is estimated that national rice needs in 2035 will reach 36 million tons. Meanwhile, national rice production capacity is experiencing slow growth or tends to be stagnant. So that it needs an increase in productivity or technical efficiency through the Integrated Crop Management</span><span lang="IN"> (ICM)</span><span> model approach. This study aims to analyze the level of rice ICM technology implementationand the factors that influence the level of rice ICM technology implementation and its effect on the technical efficiency of rice farming in Bogor Regency. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling method, a sample of 60 farmers in the District of Cariu, Pamijahan, and Leuwisadeng </span><span lang="IN">of </span><span>Bogor Regency were analyzed using the scoring method, multiple linear regression models, and the stochastic frontier analyze method. The results showed the level of rice ICM technology implementation in Bogor Regency was classified as moderate (71</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span>54 percent), while the technology component with the highest level of application was jajar legowo spacing of 2:1 (98</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span>50 percent) and the lowest was the use of manure (27 percent). Factors that influence the level of rice ICM technology implementation at α level of 5 percent are non-farm income with an estimated value of 3</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span>318, intensity of SLPTT and non SLPTT training with an estimated value of 2</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span>236, and dummy farmer's employment status with an estimated value of 2</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span>127. While the experience factor of farming with an estimated value of 0</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span>110 and the duration of formal education of farmers with an estimated value of 0</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span>403 has an effect on the level of α of 10 percent. </span><span lang="IN">T</span><span>he level of rice ICM technology implementation with an estimated value of -0</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span>0855 and farmer access to obtain credit with an estimated value of -0</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span>0348 has an effect on the technical efficiency of rice farming at α level of 1 percent, while the land ownership status with an estimated value is -0</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span>2527 at α level of 10 percent. The average level of technical efficiency of rice farming in Bogor Regency is not optimal (67</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span>4 percent), this is due to, among others, the application of technological components that are still relatively low or not as recommended by </span><span lang="IN">ICM</span><span>. Therefore, efforts are needed to increase motivation and farmer participation in implementing </span><span lang="IN">ICM</span><span> technology optimally and sustainably to help meet national rice needs.</span></em>
<em>The purpose of this study was to analyze the structure of transaction cost and analyze farmers profit on Arabica Gayo Coffee Warehouse Receipt System (WRS) in Central Aceh District. Transaction Costs Analysis (TCA) was used to analize transaction cost structure at selling delay activity and financing activity on WRS. While the ratio of transaction costs to farmers' profit was used to determine the level of effectiveness of WRS. The research was conducted at PT. Ketiara Warehouse, West Aceh district, Aceh. The selected samples were all 4o farmers of Arabica Gayo WRS in Central Aceh Regency. The highest transction cost was on delay selling activity (64,07%) than transaction cost on warehouse receipt financing activity (35,93%). Implementation of the warehouse receipt system in PT. Ketiara provided more benefits to the participants because average percentage ratio between the cost of the transaction with the benefit of <10 percent. Transaction costs and effectiveness of WRS need more attention and focus on the improvement of these two things to maximize the implementation and sustainability of Gayo Arabica Coffee WRS in Central Aceh District.</em>
Transaction cost is one of the characteristics of imperfect market. Transaction cost on soybean farming will affect the level of profit soybean farming. The purpose of this research were to analyze the transaction cost structure and the effect of transaction cost on the profitability of soybean farming. Research method used Transaction Cost Analysis and multiple linear regression. This research was held in Lamongan, Jawa Timur and interviewed 120 soybean farmers to derive the data. The results showed that the transaction cost component on soybean farming consists of (1) information cost; (2) negotiation cost; (3) coordination cost; (4) enforcement cost; (5) monitoring cost and (6) risk cost. The amount of the transaction cost that are formed on soybean farming was Rp144.120,86. Negotiation cost was the highest cost of transaction cost component that was 60,30%, followed by information cost 14,07%, coordination cost 12,22%, enforcement cost 8,03%, monitoring cost 4,23% and risk cost 1,15%. Transacion cost have a negative and significant effect on the profitability of soybean farming.
Oil palm plantations are strategic commodities in the national economy and public welfare. Smallholder oil palm plantations as part of the palm oil commodity supply chain currently face business sustainability issues. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of community oil palm plantations based on index assessment using the Rap-Palmoil method through the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) method. Multidimensional analysis of MDS in terms of economic, social, environmental, institutional, and technological dimensions as aspects examined in this study. This research was conducted in two regencies of oil palm plantations in a broad area of land in Jambi Province, namely Muaro Jambi Regency and Merangin Regency. The data used are primary and secondary data, primary data are obtained from interviews with farmers while secondary data are obtained from the Central Statistics Agency, Plantation Service, and literature that supports this research. Respondents in this study were 99 farmers selected purposively. The results of the multidimensional sustainability analysis of the Jambi Province oil palm plantation sustainability index were 57,79 included in the quite sustainable category. While the results of the sustainability index analysis for the five dimensions are 54,11 (economy), 66,83 (social), 58,64 (environmental), 46,40 (institutional), 59,02 (technology). All dimensions are overall included in the "moderately sustainable" category except the institutional dimension in the "less sustainable" category. The sustainability of oil palm plantations in each dimension has a different sustainability index so that different policies are needed to evaluate the sustainability of community oil palm plantations in Jambi Province.
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